!!!Lehrer- und Erzieherausbildung

Teachers and Caretakers, Training of: recognised as a prerequisite for 
the improvement of the school system in the 18%%sup th/%  century, 
first institutionalised in Austria in the Vienna  Normalschule (1771) 
and prescribed by law in the Allgemeine Schulordnung (1774). 
"Preparatory courses" in normal schools (including entrance and school 
leaving exams), later also in model vocationally-oriented secondary 
schools, were intended to provide a theoretical basis for the more 
practical training of teachers. Originally the training lasted for 
about 3 months, in 1805 it was extended to 6 months (for secondary 
school teachers) in the School Administration Act, further extended to 
one year in 1848 and to 2 years in 1849. F. M.  Vierthaler in 
Salzburg and above all G. A.  Wimmer with his 4-year "charity 
school teachers´ seminary" in Oberschuetzen, which was then 
still on Hungarian territory (1845), developed more demanding training 
schemes. Training of teachers and caretakers was reformed in the 
Reichsvolksschulgesetz (1869), which called for teacher-training 
institutions (1874) including model schools for practical training 
(entrance exam or attendance of the preparatory class; from the age of 
15, 4-year training, from 1886 stronger focus on musical training; 
school leaving exam without qualification for university admission). 
Aimed at equipping teachers with general knowledge and professional 
training, integrity and loyalty. The early 20%%sup th/%  century saw 
educational experiments for the improvement of teacher and 
caretaker-training institutions: training period of 6 years and 
separation of general education (grades 1 to 4) and professional 
training (grades 5 and 6) in the private teacher-training institution 
in Vienna-Waehring, and a 4-semester university-like training course 
for teachers and caretakers at the Vienna Pedagogical Institute, which 
was open to persons who had passed the Matura exam. (This course was 
not an independently recognised course of study but formed part of the 
Teachers, Further Training of) programme. Curricula in 1932 were based 
on a 5-year training period for teachers and caretakers (preparatory 
class and 4 grades), in 1937 the training period was extended to 6 
years ("teachers´ academy", Latin courses, qualification for 
university admission), in 1938 the National Socialists introduced a 
5-year training period. The provisional curricula of 1950 put 
teacher-training institutions on a similar level with Realgymnasium 
schools (mathematics-oriented selective secondary schools), and the 
school leaving exam became not only a qualification for teaching in 
primary schools but also for university admission (1951). The  School 
Legislation of 1962 abolished professional training in 
teacher-training institutions ( Musisch-paedagogisches Realgymnasium) 
and transferred the training of teachers and caretakers to 
Paedagogische Akademien (Pedagogical Academies), (including training 
schools; locations: Baden bei Wien, Eisenstadt, Feldkirch-Tisis, Graz, 
Graz-Eggenberg, Innsbruck, Klagenfurt, Krems, in Linz Kaplanhofstrasse 
and Salesianumweg, Salzburg, 10%%sup th/%  district of Vienna, 
21%%sup st/%  district of Vienna, Zams). Schools opened in 1966/1967; 
admission requirements are the school leaving exam of a secondary 
school (Matura) and physical aptitude. Lessons are restricted to 
subjects which are relevant to the teaching profession, training for 
teachers at Hauptschule (regular secondary) schools, teachers at 
schools for children with special needs and Polytechnische Lehrgaenge 
(one-year courses for future apprentices). At first, the training 
period was 4-semesters, which was extended to 6 semesters in 1976; 
since 1986 primary school teachers have also had to undergo a 
6-semester training. Training ends with an exam to attain qualified 
teacher status.

\\
Separate training courses for caretakers first started in the middle 
of the 20%%sup th/%  century. Schools are the School for Caretakers of 
the Caritas in Vienna (1953) and the Federal Institute for the 
Training of Caretakers in Baden (1960). Institutionalised by law in 
1962, secondary schools for caretakers have comprised 5 grades since 
1985, they lead to a school leaving exam (qualification for university 
admission) and a qualification exam (for educational tasks in 
after-school care centres for children, boarding schools and day-care 
institutions as well as for private work with young people). These 
schools can also offer  Kollegs. Since 1993 they have been called 
Bildungsanstalten fuer Sozialpaedagogik (secondary schools for social 
education).

\\
Unlike the general school system, the non-university training of 
teachers in vocational schools was in no way standardised and private 
preparation for the compulsory exam to attain qualified teacher status 
prevailed. It was only in the Second Republic that the training of 
teachers for all subjects taught in vocational schools was formally 
organised. Today most teachers at primary and Hauptschule schools are 
women, in 1994/1995 84 % of teachers in primary schools and 
65 % of all primary and Hauptschule teachers were women.  
Berufspaedagogische Akademie,  Kindergarten,  Schools of Agriculture 
and Forestry.


%%language
[Back to the Austrian Version|AEIOU/Lehrer-_und_Erzieherausbildung|class='wikipage austrian']
%%

[{FreezeArticle author='AEIOU' template='Lexikon_1995_englisch'}]
[{ALLOW view All}][{ALLOW comment All}][{ALLOW edit FreezeAdmin}]