!!!Lehrervereine

Teachers´ Associations, teachers have participated in 
decision-making in the school system since the 19%%sup th/%  century. 
Originally, there were associations for each type of school 
(Mittelschule (secondary school) 1861; primary school, 1863; 
Realschule, 1870 etc.) or for a specific subject (association of 
Austrian sports teachers, 1869; association of Austrian art teachers, 
1875 etc.) which represented educational and political interests. 
Towards the end of the 19%%sup th/%  century the emerging political 
parties started to infiltrate the non-political, mainly liberal and 
nationalist teachers´ associations, first of all those of 
primary school teachers, (e.g. the "Central-Verein der Wiener 
Lehrerschaft", founded in 1896, and the association "Freie Schule" 
(free school), founded in 1905 by Social Democrats), or the political 
parties founded associations themselves (e.g. "Verein der Lehrer und 
Schulfreunde Oesterreichs" (association of teachers and friends of 
schools in Austria), founded by the Christian Socialists in 1899). 
During the First Republic teachers´ associations were usually 
affiliated to political parties but did not always reflect this in 
their names. Even the organisation with compulsory membership "Verband 
deutsch-oesterreichischer Mittelschullehrer" (association of 
German-Austrian secondary school teachers) was gradually influenced by 
party politics and union interests were increasingly pursued. Between 
1934 and 1938 corporative professional associations took over from the 
long-established teachers´ associations (some of which were 
dissolved), from 1938 to 1945 the "National Socialist Teachers´ 
Association" was the only legal professional association. In the 
Second Republic teachers´ associations were reorganised but did 
not gain their former importance as the federal government accepted 
only the Austrian Trade Union Federation (government decree issued by 
Chancellor Figl, 1946) as a negotiating partner on professional and 
pay issues. The staff representations established in 1967 also led to 
teachers´ associations losing importance.

\\
At present the most important teachers´ associations are: 
Katholische Lehrerschaft Oesterreichs (Catholic teachers of Austria), 
founded in 1893, with largely independent provincial associations; 
Sozialistischer Lehrerverein Oesterreichs (Socialist teachers´ 
association of Austria) (1945) with provincial associations; 
Oesterreichischer Lehrerbund (Austrian teachers´ society) 
(1868); Bundessektion Pflichtschullehrer in der Gewerkschaft 
oeffentlicher Dienst (federal section of teachers of primary and 
secondary schools in the Civil Servants´ Union) (1945); 
Freiheitlicher Oesterreichischer Lehrerverband (Freedomite 
teachers´ association) (1953); Bund demokratischer Lehrer und 
Erzieher Oesterreichs (Association of democratic teachers and 
caretakers in Austria) with communist sympathies, 1945; Sektion 
Berufsschullehrer in der Gewerkschaft oeffentlicher Dienst (section of 
vocational school teachers in the Civil Servants´ Union, (1945); 
Vereinigung christlicher Lehrerinnen und Lehrer an hoeheren und 
mittleren Schulen (Association of Christian teachers in secondary 
schools) (1920); Vereinigung sozialdemokratischer Lehrerinnen und 
Lehrer an allgemeinbildenden hoeheren Schulen (Association of social 
democratic teachers in secondary schools) (1918 and 1929); Vereinigung 
sozialistischer Lehrer an berufsbildenden mittleren und hoeheren 
Schulen (Association of socialist teachers in vocational secondary 
schools) (1970); Workers´ and Employees´ Federation 
(OeAAB), special group for secondary schools (gradually established 
since 1956); federal section of secondary school teachers in the Civil 
Servants´ Union (1945); Verband der Professoren Oesterreichs 
(Association of Professors in Austria) (1952); Bundessektion Lehrer an 
berufsbildenden mittleren und hoeheren Schule in der Gewerkschaft 
oeffentlicher Dienst (federal section of teachers in vocational 
secondary schools in the Civil Servants´ Union) (1946); 
Oesterreichische Professoren-Union (OePU) (Union of Austrian 
Professors), the joint slate of the Workers´ and 
Employees´ Federation (OeAAB), the Faction of Christian 
Unionists and the Association of Christian teachers in secondary 
schools, 1967).

!Literature
H. Engelbrecht, Lehrervereine im Kampf um Status und 
Einfluss, 1978.


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