!!!Linienwall

Linienwall, former outer fortification of Vienna, built in 1704 
because of  Kuruc invasions as earth embankment with trenches, lined 
with bricks in the 19%%sup th/%  century. Surrounded Vienna where 
today the Guertel circular road runs in a semicircle from the Danube 
canal near St. Marx across the foot of the Wienerberg mountain to 
Lichtental. Gates with toll-houses (called "Linien"). At the turn of 
the 18%%sup th/%  to the 19%%sup th/%  century the drawbridges were 
removed and the trenches at the Linien toll-gates were filled. During 
the October revolution of 1848 the rebels barricaded the gates of the 
toll offices. Later the toll offices were only used for the collection 
of the consumption tax (from 1829). The Linienwall separated the 
suburbs (today districts 3-9) from the rural villages (10%%sup th/% 
-19%%sup th/%  districts) and was razed after these areas became part 
of the city in 1893; it was replaced by the Guertel, an outer belt 
boulevard, with green areas and city railway (today U 6 subway).

!Literature
B. M. Buchmann, Der Wiener Linienwall, doctoral thesis, 
Vienna 1974; F. Opll, Alte Grenzen im Wiener Raum, 1986.


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