!!!Liszt, Franz, geb. 1811

b. Raiding (Burgenland, then Hungary), Oct. 22, 1811, 
d. Bayreuth (Germany), July 31, 1886, composer, cousin of Eduard  
Liszt und Franz von  Liszt. One of the most famous virtuoso pianists, 
conductor, teacher, also furthered the careers of other artists. First 
public performance when he was 8 years old, from 1821 onwards studied 
with C.  Czerny. 1823 moved to Paris, where he gave numerous concerts 
and became the favourite of the Paris Salons. Numerous love affairs, 
particularly with Caroline de Saint-Criq, Marie d´Agoult (with 
whom he had a daughter by the name of Cosima Buelow, later Wagner) and 
Caroline Sayn-Wittgenstein. Sought-after teacher, responsible for 
advances in piano design. Ushered in a new era of virtuosity and 
revolutionized the technique and sound of piano music. As a composer 
he greatly influenced the development of program music harmony and 
melodic patterns. Also made important contributions to musical 
practice. From 1848 to 1861 Hofkapellmeister (chief of the court 
orchestra) in the city of Weimar; from 1861 in Rome, turned to 
religion, 1865 he took the four minor orders and after that lived 
alternately in Rome, Budapest, Weimar and Bayreuth. He composed music 
and gave lessons (about 400 piano students, including E. 
d´Albert, H. von Buelow, F.  Weingartner, E. von  Sauer). 
As head of the "Neudeutsche Schule" he supported Wagner's work. His 
friendship with R. Wagner was flawed by Wagner's affair with Cosima 
until ca. 1872.

!Publications
5 oratorios (Die Legende der hl. Elisabeth, Christus, 
Die hl. Caecilia, etc.), masses (Graner Messe 1856), psalms, requiem, 
motets (total of approx. 80 publications), profane cantatas and choral 
works; Orchestral pieces and arrangements; approx. 250 piano pieces 
(Consolations, 1849; 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies 1847-1853); Preludes and 
fugues on the name Bach (organ); 2 piano concertos; approx. 60 piano 
pieces. - Editions: F. L., Musikalische Werke, publ. by F. 
Busoni, P. Raabe et al., 1907-1936; F. L., New edition, 1970ff.; 
Gesammelte Schriften, 6 vols, 1880-1883; Briefwechsel, 8 vols, 
1893-1905.

!Literature
A. Goellerich, F. L., 1908; K. Grunsky, F. L., 
1924; P. Raabe, F. L., 2 vols, 1931; A. Walker, L., 1971; E. 
Perenyi, L., 1975; C. Rueger, F. L., 1997; W. Doemling, 
F. L. und seine Zeit, %%sup 2/%1998; M. Wagner, F. L. 
Sein Werk - sein Leben, 2000; NDB.



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