!!!Lohnwagen

Lohnwagen (hackney carriages), early form of public transport in 
Vienna. The so-called "Fliegenschuetzen" (one-horse, hooded hackney 
cabs with wooden seats, first mentioned in 1500) were replaced by 
hackney coaches at the end of the 17%%sup th/%  century. The first 
regulations for Viennese coachmen date back to 1720 (the stationing of 
coaches was prohibited at the Freyung). In 1760 all coachmen were 
assigned 7 places, 1786 all city and suburban coaches were given 
numbers ( Fiaker). At the end of the 18%%sup th/%  century the  
Zeiselwagen, later the  Janschkywagen and the horse-drawn omnibuses 
(Gesellschafts- and Stellwagen) were inexpensive means of 
transportation between the city, suburbs and outskirts. On certain 
days they also travelled to Moravia and Pressburg. In 1848, 680 
"Fiaker" (fiacres) were counted in Vienna, 24 one-horse carriages, 19 
overland coaches (Landkutschen), 70 urban hackney coaches 
(Janschkywagen), 100 omnibuses and 700 one-horse carriages 
(Zeiselwagen). From 1851/52 English-style, two-wheeled vehicles drawn 
by one horse were in use, later one-horse, four-wheeled 
"Comfortables". Horsedrawn omnibuses for public transportation were 
not introduced until the 1%%sup st/%  half of the 19%%sup th/%  
century and continued to be used up to the end of the 1870s. Several 
different companies were in charge of the individual routes (including 
English firms). Trams, the Stadtbahn transit lines and motor buses, as 
well as the railway in rural areas, slowly replaced the hackney 
coaches. Only the "Fiaker" has survived until today, but only as a 
tourist attraction or for special occasions.

!Literature
Drei Jahrhunderte Strassenverkehr in Wien, exhibition 
catalogue, Historisches Museum der Stadt Wien 1961/62; H. Wohlrab, Vom 
Tragsessel zur U-Bahn, Wiener Geschichtsblaetter Beiheft 2, 1984; F. 
Czeike, Historisches Lexikon Wien, 1992ff.


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