!!!Lombardo-venezianisches Königreich

Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom: By the Vienna Congress Act of June 9, 1815 
the territory in northern Italy, which was reconquered by Austria in 
1813/14, was organised as the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom governed by a 
viceroy. It comprised 47,500 km%%sup 2/% and in 1857 had a 
population of 5,173,000. The western part was the former Duchy of 
Milan, which came into the possession of Karl VI in 1714 as 
former Spanish estate and remained Austrian territory until 1797, and 
Mantua, which was handed over to the Habsburgs in 1708 after the 
extinction of the Gonzaga-Nevers line and which was united with the 
Duchy of Milan in 1745. The eastern part consisted of the former 
republic of Venice, which was incorporated into the Austrian monarchy 
in 1797, but was given to the Italian king in 1805. The official 
language was Italian, the laws of the Italian Kingdom of Napoleonic 
times continued to be effective. However, the Austrian administration 
had to struggle with social and political structures, which were 
different from those of the rest of the monarchy, and with the 
national movement (Risorgimento). On February 25, 1848 martial law was 
imposed; on March 17, 1848 a popular revolt broke out in Milan and 
Venice, in which the Kingdom of Sardinia interfered. In the summer of 
1848 the Austrian troops under Radetzky were able to capture Milan, 
gain another victory at Novara in 1849 and capture Venice by August of 
1848. The state of siege continued until 1854. In 1851 the kingdom was 
divided into 2 crownlands; after Austria had been defeated, it had to 
cede Lombardy to the Kingdom of Sardinia in the Peace of Villafranca 
at Verona in 1859, and Venetia to the Italian Kingdom in 1866.

!Literature
F. Pesendorfer, Eiserne Krone und Doppeladler. Das 
Koenigreich Lombardo-Venetien 1814-1866, 1992; B. Mazohl-Wallnig, 
Oesterr. Verwaltungsstaat und administrative Eliten im Koenigreich 
Lombardo-Venetien 1815-1859, 1993.


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