!!!Lungau
Lungau, province of Salzburg, Alpine region along the upper Mur/Mura
river, comprises the south-east of Salzburg province and, in
administrative terms, the political district of Tamsweg
(1,019 km%%sup 2/%, pop. 20,622); headwater region of the River
Mur, between the Niedere Tauern mountains in the north and west and
the Hafnergruppe of the Hohe Tauern mountains and the Gurktal Alps in
the south; towards the east the Lungau opens up towards Upper Styria.
Old pass roads lead in the north-west across the Radstaedter Tauern
pass (from Mauterndorf to Radstadt), in the south across the
Katschberg mountain (alt. 1,641 m), Another important route is
the Tauernautobahn (motorway) with Tauern (6,401 m) and
Katschberg tunnels (5,439 m) near St. Michael. The 8 Lungau
valleys are bordered by Alpine mountain chains. All settlements (with
the exception of the municipality of Ramingstein) lie above an
altitude of 1,000 m; most of them were established when the
virgin forests were cleared after 1000. The Mitterberg mountain, which
runs in a west-east direction, divides the Lungau into a northern and
a southern part. In the north the valleys (Taurachtal, Weisspriachtal,
Lignitztal, Goeriachtal and Lessachtal valleys) radiate from the
principal town, Tamsweg and divide the area between the Niedere Tauern
and the Murtal valley into valley communities. The southern part of
the area (main town, St. Michael im Lungau) comprises the
Zederhaus and the Rotgueldental valleys with Murwinkel are and
Bundschuh valley. The climate is more or less continental, with severe
winters ("Austrian Siberia"); the summer is characterised by
considerable differences in day and night temperatures. Settlement of
the Lungau dates back to the Bronze Age, significant continuous
settlement has not been proved before the Roman period; in the
7%%sup th/% century settled by Slavs, it formed part of Carantania,
from 1213 possession of the archbishopric of Salzburg, but
administered from Friesach for a long time. - Economically, the Lungau
is still a problem area fraught with structural weaknesses.
Considerable decline of Alpine farming and forestry since the 1960s,
important sectors: tourism, processing industries (wood processing)
and service sector. Biggest settlements: Tamsweg, St. Michael im
Lungau, Mariapfarr, Ramingstein and Mauterndorf. Due to its isolated
location, many traditions and customs have been preserved
(Samsonumzug, Preberschiessen, Perchtenlauf, Prangstangen,
Kasmandlfahrten).
!Literature
Amt der Salzburger Landesregierung, Entwicklungsprogramm
Lungau, 1979; W. Bischofer, Lungau - Region mit vielen Problemen:
Bevoelkerungs- und Arbeitsmarktentwicklung von 1971-1986, 1987; E.
Hubatschek, Almen und Bergmaehder im Oberen Lungau 1939-1984,
%%sup 3/%1988; E. Kaner, Fuehrer durch den Lungau, 1992; E. Katschner
et al., Die schoensten Bergtouren im Lungau und Nockgebiet mit
beigelegtem Tourenheft, 1994.
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