!!!Mälzel (Mälzl), Johann N

Maelzel (Maelzl), Johann N., b. Regensburg (Germany), Aug. 15, 
1772, d. July 21, 1838 (on a sea voyage), instrument maker and 
designer of automatons. In Vienna from 1792, 1808 appointed 
"Hofkammermaschinist" ("Court Machinist"), built a metronome in 1816 
("M.-Metronome"), the notation "M.M." with a figure (e.g. M.M. 60) is 
still used to indicate musical tempo; constructed a panharmonicon, a 
trumpet automaton, an orchestrion and in 1824 a talking doll with 
"sleeping eyes". In 1813 L. van  Beethoven wrote his Opus 91 ("Auf 
Wellingtons Sieg oder Die Schlacht bei Vittoria") for M.'s 
panharmonicon.

!Literature
NDB.



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