!!!Münzordnung

Mint Rules: The basis of coinage in the Middle Ages was the 
Carolingian Order: 1 pound silver (lb.) was struck into 240 pfennigs 
(den.), with the schilling (ss) as an additional monetary unit worth 
20 or 30 pfennigs in Austria and Bavaria respectively. In the late 
Middle Ages monetary chaos was caused by inflation and the issuing of 
heavy coins, which was to be brought under control by introducing 
coinage orders: the mint rules of Friedrich III, 1481, regulated the 
coinage of ducats and "groschen" as well as the use of pfennigs as 
token coins. In the 16%%sup th/%  century, i.e. 1524, 1551 and 1559, 
imperial coinage orders were issued. The  Privilegium maius guaranteed 
a special position for the Habsburgs in terms of coinage and 
Ferdinand I issued separate mint rules with slightly lower values 
for the Austrian lands (1524). The mint rules of the Holy Roman Empire 
of 1559 also came into force in Austria and remained in effect until 
its fundamental provisions were modified under Empress Maria Theresia 
in 1750 and the mint convention concluded with Bavaria in 1753 
("convention coin", fl. C. C., until 1858).

!Literature
G. Probszt, Oesterr. Muenz- und Geldgeschichte von den 
Anfaengen bis 1918, 1973.


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