!!!Magister

Magister (derived from the Latin word "magis" - more). In Antiquity 
this title was awarded to men of high esteem or superior power. During 
the Middle Ages it was used for heads of schools and scholars. In 
Austria it was introduced as a university degree for students 
graduating from schools of liberal arts or philosophy which prepared 
them for further studies in the fields of medicine, law and theology. 
The degree was prohibited in 1786; re-introduced in 1903 and "similar 
to a doctorate" awarded to graduates of the short study programme of 
pharmacy. Since the adoption of the General University Studies Act 
(1966) and the Arts Studies Act (1983) this title has been awarded to 
graduates of all disciplines. These acts made it usual to obtain the 
"Magister" first degree for a larger number of professions. 
Post-graduate (doctoral) studies are intended to promote independent 
academic research.


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