!!!Margareten

Margareten, 5%%sup th/%  district of Vienna, area 
2.03 km%%sup 2/%, pop. 51,521 (1991). Margareten came into being 
when parts of the 4%%sup th/%  district ( Wieden) were partitioned off 
in 1861. It consists of the following parts: Margareten (originally 
referred to an isolated farmstead with a chapel dedicated to 
St. Margaret; first documented mention in 1373), Matzleinsdorf 
(first documented in 1136, derived its name from the name of its 
founder Mazilo), Hundsturm (or Hunczmuehle, existed from 1408, manor, 
hunting grounds and vineyards in the 17%%sup th/%  century), 
Laurenzergrund (founded in the second part of the 16%%sup th/%  
century), Nikolsdorf (village established along main road between 1555 
and 1568) and Reinprechtsdorf (first documented in 1270). During the 
19%%sup th/%  century Margareten developed into a residential area for 
the lower middle class, but was increasingly settled by blue collar 
workers from the beginning of the Industrial Age. Since then its 
territory has been entirely urbanized, with council houses being set 
up along the Guertel ring-road (today´s beltway which was then 
derogatorily called "boulevard of the proletariat") in the period 
between the two wars. Through both the regulation of the River Wien 
(1895-1903) and the building of an urban railway (by O.  Wagner 
between 1895 and 1903, adapted to the standards of the underground 
line U4 in 1980; stops at Kettenbrueckengasse, Pilgramgasse and 
Margaretenguertel) the Wien Valley experienced an immense boom, which 
led to the building of middle-class housing estates along the 
riverside. During World War II the 5%%sup th/%  district was 
heavily bombed. In the period of reconstruction council housing became 
increasingly important.

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Housing estates: Margareten Building (1884, by F. Fellner and H. 
Helmer); Council houses: Reumann Building (1924-1926 by H. Gessner), 
Julius-Ofner Building (1926-1927, by E. Lichtblau), Julius-Popp 
Building (1925-1926), Herwegh Building (1926-1927), Metzleinstal 
Building (1919-1920, planned by R. Kalesa, the first housing estate of 
Socialist Vienna, enlarged by H. Gessner between 1923 and 1924), 
Franz-Domes Building (1928-1930, by P. Behrens), Matteotti Building 
(1926-1927), Theodor-Koerner Building (housing estate, 1952-1953, 
including the first multistorey building in Vienna, 1957); housing 
estates in Einsiedlergasse (1983, 1988, by H. Tesar). - Hartmann 
Hospital; former job centre for metal and timber workers (1930); 
former publishing company "Vorwaerts" (1907, by H. and F. Gessner, in 
1987 the building became part of a hotel); one of the remainders of 
suburban culture, the Filmcasino Cinema (1912) was restored in 1989; 
today it is an "alternative" cinema showing non-commercial films; 
Austrian Museum for Economic and Social Affairs; adult education 
centre. - Main traffic routes: Rechte Wienzeile, Schoenbrunner 
Strasse, Margareten Strasse upper part of Wiedner Hauptstrasse, 
Reinprechtsdorfer Strasse, Margaretenguertel. - Parish church 
St. Florian built in Matzleinsdorf in 1963.

!Literature
F. Opll, Erstnennung von Siedlungsnamen im Wiener Raum, 
1981; W. Mayer, Margareten, Wiener Bezirkskulturfuehrer, 1982; idem, 
Margareten - sechs Vorstaedte - ein Bezirk, 1992; F. Czeike, 
Historisches Lexikon Wien, 5 vols., 1992-1997.; Dehio Wien, 2.-9. 
und 20. Bezirk, 1993.


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