!!!Marie Antoinette Maria Antonia

Marie Antoinette (Maria Antonia), b. Vienna, Nov. 2, 1755, 
d. Paris (France, executed), Oct. 16, 1793, Queen of France, 
youngest daughter of  Maria Theresia. In 1770 married the Dauphin, who 
became King Louis XVI in 1774. They had four children. M. A. was 
erudite and musical, but superficial and arrogant; lacked diplomatic 
skill and was a spendthrift (called "Madame Deficit"). A controversial 
personality, she was hated as "the Austrian" ("l´Autrichienne"), 
and fuelled the escalation of the French Revolution after 1789. She 
tried in vain to flee with the royal family in June 1791, was confined 
together with husband and two surviving children in the Temple on 
August 10, 1792, in July 1793 separated from her son Louis Charles 
("Ludwig XVII", died in 1795), imprisoned in August 1793 in 
the Conciergerie and beheaded after a short trial. While in prison, 
however, she created a good impression by her piety, courage and 
dignity. Of her 4 children, only her daughter Marie Therèse 
Charlotte (called "Madame Royale"), from 1799 Duchess of 
Angoulême, survived the revolution. She lived in Frohsdorf near 
Wiener Neustadt from 1830, and died in Goerz (Gorizia) on October 19, 
1851.

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<PLiterature: E. Lever, M.&nbsp;A., 1992; V. Cronin, Ludwig&nbsp;XVI 
und M.&nbsp;A., 1993; J. Haslip, M.&nbsp;A., 1995; C. Erickson, 
M.&nbsp;A., 2000; NDB.


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