!!!Messmer, Josef

b. Constance (Germany), 1731, 
d. Vienna, April 6, 1804, school reformer, tutor to Maria 
Theresia´s children; as the headmaster of the grammar school of 
St. Stephen´s suggested the establishment of a  Normalschule in 
Vienna as a model for the "lower" schools and where primary school 
teachers were to be trained. 1771 first headmaster; 1772-1779 also 
first director of the educational publishing company established at 
his suggestion (since 1925 Austrian  Bundesverlag).



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