!!!Messmer, Josef b. Constance (Germany), 1731, d. Vienna, April 6, 1804, school reformer, tutor to Maria Theresia´s children; as the headmaster of the grammar school of St. Stephen´s suggested the establishment of a Normalschule in Vienna as a model for the "lower" schools and where primary school teachers were to be trained. 1771 first headmaster; 1772-1779 also first director of the educational publishing company established at his suggestion (since 1925 Austrian Bundesverlag). %%language [Back to the Austrian Version|AEIOU/Messmer,_Josef|class='wikipage austrian'] %% [{FreezeArticle author='AEIOU' template='Lexikon_1995_englisch'}] [{ALLOW view All}][{ALLOW comment All}][{ALLOW edit FreezeAdmin}]