!!!Meteorologie

Meteorology, a discipline of geophysics, the study of physical and 
chemical phenomena in the atmosphere and their interaction with the 
solid and liquid surfaces of Earth and with extraterrestrial space.

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In Austria, the scientific study of meteorological phenomena was 
promoted in 1851 when the Zentralanstalt fuer Meteorologie und 
Erdmagnetismus (later Geodynamik) was founded by a decree promulgated 
by Emperor Franz Joseph upon a proposal by the Academy of Sciences. 
Its first director was the former director of the Prague observatory, 
K. Kreil. He was followed by Director O. Jelinek, the founder of 
weather telegraphy. From 1863 onwards, daily telegrams describing 
weather conditions were exchanged between Vienna and Trieste, and the 
first Austrian weather map was published on October 1, 1865. 
The first International Congress of Meteorology was held in Vienna in 
1873, when the International Meteorological Organisation, IMO, the 
forerunner of the World Meteorological Organisation, WMO was founded, 
and publication of a daily telegraphic weather report with a synoptic 
map and reports from 60 weather stations in Europe began on 
January 1, 1877. The international renown of the Austrian 
school of meteorology was largely based on the work of 
J. F. von Hann, whose descriptive climatological studies in 
large part remain valid to this day. It was under the guidance of Hann 
that construction of the observatory on the summit of Sonnblick 
mountain (3105 m) was undertaken in 1886, which greatly advanced 
research into the upper strata of the atmosphere and the study of 
Alpine meteorology ( Foehn). Hann should also be given credit for the 
establishment of Chairs of Meteorology and Geophysics at all Austrian 
universities. Other important representatives of the Austrian school 
of meteorology were M. Pernter, whose main field was the study of 
atmospheric optics, M. Margules and Felix  Exner-Ewarten, with 
theoretical work in the field of dynamic meteorology, and H. Ficker, 
with his studies on foehn and other wind systems. W.  Schmidt was one 
of the founders of modern microclimatology and bioclimatology. Since 
the Second World War important work has been carried out by F. 
Steinhauser and F. Lauscher in the field of climatology, F. Sauberer 
and I. Dirmhirn in bioclimatology and radiation studies and H. Reuter 
with publications in the field of theoretical and synoptic 
meteorology.


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