!!!Mikroelektronik

Microelectronics, branch of electronic engineering based on 
miniaturisation of high-performance components and on semiconductor 
and integrated circuit technology that was developed from 
approximately 1959 onwards. Austria's contribution was the creation of 
the first electronic computing system, which was developed in 
1955-1958 at the Vienna University of Technology under the direction 
of H.  Zemanek. In this system, electronic tubes were for the first 
time replaced with transistors. Because of their small band width 
computation was still slow (hence the name "Mailuefterl" - May 
breeze). Semiconductor circuits with several transistors on silicon 
were first developed in 1959. This technology permitted autonomous 
information processing, low-cost mass production and wide application 
owing to the small size and low energy consumption of the new 
components.

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Electronic components are a particularly important area of production 
and a key technology to ensure competitiveness in all fields of 
industrial activity. Manufacturing processes and products are 
increasingly characterised by the use of electronic components. As the 
size of chips is steadily being reduced while storage and processing 
capacity increased, new applications are constantly being found. The 
share of microelectronic components in total Austrian production 
increased from 6.5% to 12% between 1983 and 1993. Austrian output can 
be broken down as follows: active electronic components make up 61%, 
passive components 17 %, circuit boards 12 %, 
electromechanical components 10 %. The export ratio is 
approximately 90 %. Side by side with the mass production of 
standard chips, Austrian manufacturers also concentrate on custom-made 
hybrid circuits and application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) 
for telecommunications, the motor-car industry and industrial 
electronics.


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