!!!Militärschulen

Military Schools: Until the Thirty Years´ War entry upon an 
officer´s career was contingent upon noble birth ("Junker", 
obsolete term for young nobleman), purchase of a "patent" or long-term 
service ("Haufenfuehrer" - leader). Wallenstein founded the first 
military "institution" during the Thirty Years´ War in Bohemia, 
in Vienna a military school of engineers was established in 1718. 
Empress Maria Theresia set up the  Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt 
in the course of her army reform in 1752, in Waitzen (Vác, 
Hungary) she founded a school of noblemen, which Emperor Franz I 
expanded to a war academy in Budapest, Hungary in 1808. In 1786 a 
"Higher Artillery School" for the officers of the bombardier corps was 
established in Vienna. The 1887 reform created 
Militaer-Unterrealschule (lower-level military secondary schools) in 
St. Poelten, Guens/Koeszeg, Eisenstadt, Kaschau/Košice, 
which were mainly attended by the sons of meritorious civil servants, 
the Militaer-Oberrealschule (school for higher military education) in 
Maehrisch-Weisskirchen (Hranice) as a 4-year preparatory school for 
the Military Academy, and a military orphanage in Fischau. Cadet 
schools ( Cadet) granted access to every young man aged 14 having 
received a normal schooling. In addition, the military institution of 
the so-called  Einjaehrig-Freiwillige was established in 1868.

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After 1918 officers were trained in the military school at Enns (4 
years), from 1936 to 1938 in the Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt. 
In 1936 in Liebenau near Graz a military Mittelschule (secondary 
school) was opened, which was to continue the tradition of the former 
cadet schools. In 1958 instruction at the Military Academy in Wiener 
Neustadt was resumed; the Noncommissioned Officers´ School of 
the Austrian Army is located at Enns, the Staff Academy and the 
Military Business School are in the Stiftskaserne barracks in Vienna, 
a Military School (Heeresnachschubschule) and a Military College of 
Technology in the Vienna Breitensee Barracks. The Ministry of Defence 
maintains an Institute of Military Sciences.  Federal Armed Forces 
(Bundesheer).

!Literature
R. Egger, Der Stand des oesterreichisch-ungarischen 
Militaer-Erziehungs- und Bildungswesens 1918, in: Oesterreichische 
Militaer. Zeitschrift, no. 6, 1968; H. Schalk, 250 Jahre 
militaertechnische Ausbildung in Oesterreich,1968.


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