!!!Mineralogie

Mineralogy: I.  Born and A. Stuetz are considered to be the pioneers 
of research into mining, metallurgy, mineralogy and geology in 
Austria. At the beginning of the 19%%sup th/%  century F.  Mohs 
presented a new mineral system and established mineralogy as a science 
in Austria. Works by W.  Haidinger based on Mohs made Austrian 
mineralogy highly renowned worldwide. At that time mineralogy was 
still closely connected with practical mining applications and 
beginning to differentiate into crystal physics and petrography. G.  
Tschermak-Seysenegg and F.J.K.  Becke wrote fundamental works on this 
topic. A comprehensive work on mineral resources in the period of the 
Monarchy was written by V.L.  Zepharovich. A. Schrauf is regarded as 
the co-founder of crystal physics, he transformed purely descriptive 
mineralogy into theoretical mineralogy and also founded 
physicochemical mineralogy. C.  Doelter y Cisterich  established the 
category of mineral chemistry. Meteorite research also became 
important in Austria (A. Beckh von Widmanstaetter, G. 
Tschermak-Seysenegg, F. M.  Berwerth, H. Michel). In the 
20%%sup th/%  century mineralogy made enormous progress due to exact 
methods of mineral analysis in theory (fine structure of crystals) and 
practice (material research). Petrofabrics, the study of rock fabric 
or texture, developed by B.  Sander, found worldwide acceptance as a 
method to spatially locate rocks and ores. Ore mineralogy, refined by 
O. M. Friedrich, established itself as a new field of mineralogy 
K. L.  Machatschki carried out fundamental studies on crystal 
chemistry and on the systematics of feldspars which are still valid 
today. H. Meixner gave a new stimulus to mineral topography. At 
present about 650 mineral species are known to occur in Austria.

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University institutes of mineralogy are located in Vienna, Graz (also 
at the Graz University of Technology), Leoben (University of Mining 
and Metallurgy), Salzburg and Innsbruck. Other research institutes: 
Vienna Museum of Natural History (with National Institute of Gemmary), 
Geotechnical Institute of the Federal Research and Testing Institute 
(Bundesversuchs- und Pruefanstalt) Arsenal in Vienna, Styrian 
Provincial Museum Joanneum in Graz.

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Exhibitions: The mineralogical collections in the  Museum of Natural 
History and in the Styrian Provincial Museum  Joanneum are 
world-famous. Further exhibits are on display in the provincial 
museums in Klagenfurt, Salzburg, Linz, Innsbruck, Dornbirn and 
Eisenstadt, in the Astronomical Observatory of Kremsmuenster and in 
some museums of local history and culture.

!Literature
R. Exel, Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstaetten Oesterreichs, 
1993. - Publication series: Mineralogy and Petrology (formerly 
"Tschermaks Mineralog.-Petrograph. Mttlg."); Mttlg. der Oe. 
Mineralogischen Gesellschaft; Archiv fuer Lagerstaettenforschung der 
Geologischen Bundesanstalt; Mttlg. der Abteilung Mineralogie des 
Landesmuseums Joanneum; Carinthia II.


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