!!!Miniaturmalerei

Miniature Painting, term used in art history on the one hand for  Book 
Illumination,and on the other for all small-format paintings (whether 
on wood, metal, silk or other materials) and in particular miniature 
portraits, which experienced their first flowering in the 16th century 
and rose to particular importance in the 18th and 19th centuries and 
were finally superseded by photography. Miniature portraits were 
mostly painted in water-colour or gouache technique on thin ivory 
tablets whose transparency allowed additional effects when enhanced by 
the application of foil or paints on the rear. Leading representatives 
of miniature portraiture in Austria were F. H.  Fueger and 
M. M.  Daffinger, as well as C.  Agricola, A. von Anreiter, 
J.  Kriehuber and others; noteworthy foreign artists who worked in 
Vienna for some time included J.-É. Liotard and J.-B. Isabey.

!Literature
L. Schidlof, The Miniature in Europe, 1964; Meisterwerke 
der europaeischen Miniaturmalerei von 1750 bis 1850, exhibition 
catalogue Vienna 1965; H. Fuchs, Die oesterreichische Bildnisminiatur, 
2 vols., 1981/82.


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