!!!Mittelschüler-Kartell-Verband

Mittelschueler-Kartell-Verband (MKV), an Austrian society of Catholic 
secondary-school students, founded in 1933. Consists of 165 societies 
in more than 100 towns and villages with about 18,000 members. 
Although all such societies were forbidden at secondary schools until 
1919, they existed clandestinely in numerous places during the 
Monarchy for several decades, the oldest being Teutonia Innsbruck 
(1876). Its predecessors were the "Mittelschueler-Cartell-Verband" 
(1900-1913) and the "Verband katholisch deutscher Pennalverbindungen 
Oesterreichs" (Austrian Society of German Catholic Secondary Schools - 
VPV, 1919-1931). Although their principles are similar to those of the 
 Cartellverband, they were founded independently of each other, and 
there is no organizational connection.

!Literature
H. Obermueller, Verboten und verfolgt - Katholische 
Verbindungen an mittleren und hoeheren Schulen im deutschen 
Sprachraum 1, 1991.


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