!!!Montafon
Montafon Valley (formerly also Montavon), Vorarlberg, high mountain
valley of the upper Ill river, 40 km long, surrounded by the
Silvrettagruppe and Raetikon mountain ranges in the southwest, and the
Verwallgruppe in the northeast; southernmost valley of Vorarlberg,
name derived from the Rhaeto-Romanic words mont (mountain) and tavon
(gorge). Came to Austria in 1394 by purchase together with the town of
Bludenz. The local people subdivide the region into "Innerfratte" and
"Ausserfratte" ("Interior" and "Exterior" Montafon), divided by the
"Fratte" defile near Mauren, a hamlet, southeast of Schruns. The
valley, which is highly populated today, was first settled by
Rhaeto-Romans, who have left their mark on numerous local mountain,
place, field, and family names. Later Alemanni and Walser, emigrants
from the Swiss canton Wallis (Valais), came to the region. The typical
Montafon house is a combination of the Rhaeto-Roman stone house with
the Valais wood house. The economic structure is mainly characterized
by cattle breeding (Montafon brown cattle), forestry and tourism.
Until the 18%%sup th/% century, mining in the Bartholomaeberg -
Kristberg - Silbertal region. Around the turn of the century one third
of the Montafon population worked outside the valley as seasonal
workers (bricklayers, stuccoists, scythe sellers, cabbage cutters,
etc.). The construction of the Vorarlberg Illwerke with new roads,
settlements, railways and lifts greatly stimulated the economy. Winter
tourism also created a great number of jobs. Since the completion of
the Silvretta Alpine Road (starting point Partenen) the Montafon has
been subject to heavy traffic, with lots of cars passing through to
Switzerland. The private Montafon Railway (standard gauge railway,
13 km long, opened 1905) connects Schruns with Bludenz. A
speciality of the region is the traditional Montafon women´s
costume. A typical fire custom still practised today is the "Abbrennen
des Funkens" ("spark burning"). Villages: Schruns (690 m, main
place); Bartholomaeberg (1,087 m) with Innerberg (1,151 m,
oldest settlement of the Montafon) and Gargellen (1,423 m, most
high-lying settlement).
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