!!!Musikwissenschaft

Musicology: By the Middle Ages, as one of the "septem artes liberales" 
(Seven Liberal Arts), music had already become one of the subjects of 
instruction at the Faculty of Arts. Music as a university discipline 
was seen as a mathematical science ("musica mundana" in contrast to 
"musica humana"). Prominent teachers at Vienna University were N. von 
Neustadt, G. W. de Horb and J. Geuss. Music was taken off the 
curriculum on the occasion of the university reform of 1554.

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The academic study of music began with aesthetical and historical 
treatises (R. G. Kiesewetter, O. Jahn, A. W. Ambros, etc.). 
However, it was not until 1861 that a chair of music (theory and 
aesthetics of music) was again established in Vienna, which was held 
by E.  Hanslick (from 1856 Dozent, from 1898 head of department). But 
it was his successor G.  Adler who founded the "Vienna School of 
Musicology" ("Wiener Schule der Musikwissenschaft"); as many of his 
pupils had to emigrate in 1938, his teachings were spread 
internationally, especially in the USA. A characteristic element of 
the "Vienna School" is the division into comparative and systematic 
musicology in addition to historical musicology (these 3 terms are 
primarily regarded as methods of teaching and not as subjects); W.  
Graf combined comparative and systematic musicology 
("comparative-systematic musicology").

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In 1919 another musicological institute was established in Innsbruck, 
in 1939/40 another one in Graz and in 1966 in Salzburg (3 professorial 
chairs in Vienna, one in Innsbruck, Graz and Salzburg each). An 
extracurricular research institute devoted to the history of Austrian 
music was set up in 1944 in the "Commission for Musical Research" at 
the Austrian Academy of Sciences (1%%sup st/%  president: E. Schenk).

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Some departments of music academies are also engaged in musicological 
research, and there are numerous other scholarly Austrian music 
societies (Oesterreichische Gesellschaft fuer Musik/Austrian Music 
Society,  Denkmaeler der Tonkunst in Oesterreich, several associations 
of composers, etc.).


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