!!!Nazarener
Nazarenes, art movement at the beginning of the 19th century which
tried to renew art on the basis of religion as a reaction to
increasingly rigid academic classicism; at first the name was
mockingly applied to the founders and members of the "Lukasbund" or
"Lukasbruederschaft", a small fraternity of painters and students of
the Vienna Academy (F. Overbeck, F. Pforr, J. K. Hottinger, J.
Wintergerst, L. Vogel and J. Sutter) because of their long, flowing
hair. Since they were not accepted by the Academy, Overbeck, Pforr,
Vogel and Hottinger moved to Rome in 1810, where they lived at the
monastery St. Isidoro on Monte Pincio. Following Overbeck, the members
of the group converted to Catholicism and finally adopted the derisive
nickname "Nazarenes" as their chosen name. The Nazarenes were the last
to try to form a collectivistic group of artists according to the
mediaeval system of guilds; they exerted strong influence upon
religious painting until the beginning of Expressionism. They drew
inspiration from 16%%sup th/% -century German painting and early
Italian High Renaissance art. The frescoes in the Casa Bartholdy
(1816/17) and the frescoes in the Casino Massimo (1819-1830) in Rome
are among their most important works. In Vienna the Nazarenes were
represented especially by J. v. Fuehrich, E. J. v.
Steinle, Ferdinand v. Olivier and Friedrich v. Olivier and L.
Kupelwieser, in Graz by J. E. Tunner, in Vorarlberg by G.
Flatz. The most important Nazarene work in Austria is the series of
frescoes painted after the sketches of J. v. Fuehrich in the Vienna
Altlerchenfeld Church (1854-1861). The name "Nazarenes" has become a
fixed phrase in art since the late 19th century.
!Literature
R. Bachleitner, Die Nazarener, 1976; Die N.azarener,
exhibition catalogue, Frankfurt am Main 1977.
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