!!!Neue soziale Bewegungen

New Social Movements, collective name for all movements which have 
since the early 1970s increasingly queried the justification of the 
political monopoly of parties and economic interest groups and called 
for self-determination, grass-roots democracy and spontaneity in 
political life, such as local initiatives and environmental, 
anti-nuclear, women's issues and third-world interest groups etc. 
Mostly loosely structured, they usually recruit their members from the 
middle classes. Their successful activities include not only local 
ones but also a number of effective nation-wide campaigns: prevention 
of the inauguration of the Zwentendorf nuclear power plant (1978)  
Nuclear Energy, prevention of armoured car deliveries to Chile (1980), 
preservation of the Hainburger Au conservation area (1984, final 
decision not to build a river power station that would have threatened 
the ecology of the wetlands in 199,  Occupation of Hainburg Au). Since 
1994, environmental impact assessments including the participation of 
the local population have been required for major construction 
projects. New social movements have also been the nucleus from which  
Green Parties have sprung.


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