!!!Oppidum

Oppidum (Latin for "town"), name of a fortified mountain 
settlement of the Celts. Celtic oppida came into being from the 
2%%sup nd/%  century B C on Braunsberg mountain, on Freinberg 
mountain near Linz, and on Umlaufberg mountain near Altenburg, to name 
a few. In Roman times, "oppida" was the general term for 
town (lower in rank than "municipium" or 
"colonia"), in the Middle Ages, the term was used (up to the 
13th century) to mean a fortified larger settlement (town); at the 
same time the terms "forum" or "civitas" were also 
used to mean the same thing (e.g. Voelkermarkt was referred to as 
"forum" from 1248-1267, "civitas" in 1252 and 
1254, and "oppidum ducis" in 1266).


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