!!!Orchester

Orchestras: The first examples of orchestral formations were the 
ensembles of the nobility in the 18%%sup th/%  century, which, with 
the exception of the Wiener Hofmusikkapelle and the Esterházy 
ensemble under J.  Haydn, could, according to present-day standards, 
at best be considered chamber orchestras. Large symphony orchestras 
developed in the 19%%sup th/%  century; the  Vienna Philharmonic 
Orchestra was established in 1842 and is the oldest orchestra still in 
existence. Other large Austrian symphony orchestras are the  Vienna 
Symphony Orchestra, the  Niederoesterreichische Tonkuenstler orchestra 
(NTO), the Radio Symphonieorchester Wien (RSO), the Bruckner Orchestra 
and the  Mozarteum-Orchester Salzburg. In Austria there are numerous  
Chamber Music associations and orchestras of various sizes (e.g.  
Concentus musicus Wien,  Camerata Academica Salzburg, Wiener 
Kammer-Orchester, etc.), as well as internationally famous ensembles 
for contemporary music (e.g. "die  reihe").

!Literature
H. Goertz, Musikhandbuch fuer Oesterreich, 
%%sup 3/%1993.


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