!!!Orden und Ehrenzeichen

Orders and Distinctions, decorations for exceptional military, 
political, artistic, scientific, and other achievements, usually 
created by laws or ordinances.

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Austro-Hungarian Monarchy: Koeniglich-ungarischer St.-Stephan-Orden 
(Royal Hungarian Order of St. Stephan, established 1764, 3 classes); 
Tapferkeitsmedaille (Medal for Bravery, 1789); Oesterreichischer 
Kaiserlicher Orden der Eisernen Krone (Austrian Imperial Order of the 
Iron Crown, 1805, 3 classes); Oesterreichischer Kaiserlicher 
Leopold-Orden (Austrian Imperial Order of Leopold, 1808, 3 classes); 
Kaiserlicher Oesterreichischer Franz-Joseph-Orden (Imperial Austrian 
Order of Franz Joseph, 1849, 3 classes); Militaerverdienstkreuz 
(Military Service Cross, 1849, 3 classes); Ehrenzeichen fuer Kunst und 
Wissenschaft (Decoration for Art and Science, 1887); 
Militaerverdienstmedaille (Military Service Medal, 1890); Grosse 
Militaerverdienstmedaille (Distinguished Military Service Medal, 
1914).

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1%%sup st/%  Republic: Kaerntnerisches Kreuz (Carinthian Cross, 
1920, 2 levels); Ehrenzeichen fuer Verdienste um die Republik 
Oesterreich (Decoration for Service to the Republic of Austria, 1923, 
10 levels, from 1934 "Oesterreichischer Verdienst-Orden"); 
Ehrenzeichen und Verdienstkreuze fuer Kunst und Wissenschaft 
(Decorations and Service Medals for Art and Science, 1934, limited to 
24 scientists and artists from Austria and 24 from other countries); 
Militaerverdienstkreuz (Military Service Cross, 1935, 3 classes); 
Militaerverdienstmedaille (Military Service Medal, 1935); 
Ehrenmedaille fuer 40 Jahre treue Dienste (Medal of Distinction for 40 
Years of Faithful Service.

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2%%sup nd/%  Republic: Ehrenzeichen fuer Verdienste um die Republik 
Oesterreich (Decoration for Service to the Republic of Austria, 1952, 
10 classes, 2 service decorations, 3 service medals); upon assuming 
office, the federal president receives the highest level of this 
decoration, the "Grossstern" ("Great Star"). 
Ehrenzeichen fuer Wissenschaft und Kunst (Decoration for Science and 
Art, 1955), awarded to a maximum of 72 scientists and artists (36 
Austrians and 36 from other countries), conferred upon persons 
proposed by the Austrian holders; the decoration remains the property 
of the state, to which it reverts after the death of the holder. 
Ehrenkreuz fuer Wissenschaft und Kunst (Cross of Merit for Science and 
Art, 1955, 2 levels); Oesterreichische Befreiungsmedaille (Austrian 
Liberation Medal, 1946, superseded in 1976 by the Ehrenzeichen fuer 
Verdienste um die Befreiung Oesterreichs = Decoration for Service 
towards the Liberation of Austria); Wehrdienstzeichen (Military 
Service Decoration, 1963, 3 classes); Wehrdienstmedaille (Military 
Service Medal, 1963 bronze, 1969 silver, 1989 gold); 
Verwundetenmedaille (decoration for those wounded in action, 1975, 2 
classes); Militaerverdienstzeichen (Military Decoration of Merit, 
1989). - Other orders and distinctions: Ehrenmedaille fuer 40jaehrige 
treue Dienste (Medal of Distinction for 40 Years of Faithful Service); 
since 1955 decorations conferred by the various provinces for 
provincial service (Lower Austria and Tyrol 1955, Burgenland 1961, 
Vienna 1967, Styria 1971, Upper Austria 1973, Salzburg 1977, 
Vorarlberg 1978, Carinthia 1980). In addition, Tyrol bestows the 
"Ring des Landes mit Stern" ("Provincial Ring with 
Star", 1949) and the "Tiroler Adlerorden" (Tyrolean 
Order of the Eagle, 1970, 3 classes), and Vorarlberg the 
"Montfort-Orden" (Order of Montfort, 1985).

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Also: Order of the  Golden Fleece,  Order of Maria Theresia.

!Literature
G. E. Schmidt, Ehrenzeichen und Medaillen der 
Republik Oesterreich und der Bundeslaender ab 1945, 1960/1961; V. 
Mericka, Orden und Ehrenzeichen der oe.-ungarischen Monarchie, 1974; 
H. Dikowitsch and W. Schwarz, Die Bundes- und Landesauszeichnungen der 
Republik Oesterreich, exhibition catalogue, Deutsch-Wagram 1963; 
G. E. Schmidt, Ehrenzeichen und Orden im Oesterreich der 
Zwischenkriegszeit 1918-1938, 1994.


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