!!!Pannonien
Pannonia, a province of the Roman Empire. The name is derived from the
people living there, the Pannonians. The Romans conquered the region
between 12 and 9 B.C., put down the Pannonian revolts between 6
and 9 A.D. and organised Pannonia as a separate province. The
province comprised the areas between the Eastern Alps and the Danube
and Sava rivers, or in terms of the territory of present-day Austria,
Lower Austria east of the Vienna Woods with Vindobona and Carnuntum
(separated from Noricum), a small part of eastern Styria and
Burgenland. The border along the River Danube was defended by
auxiliary troops and altogether four legions, which were stationed in
Vindobona, Carnuntum, Brigetio (Szoeny, Hungary) and Aquincum
(Budapest, Hungary). After 103 A.D. the province was divided into
Pannonia Superior with Carnuntum as its capital and Pannonia Inferior
with Aquincum as its administrative centre. The Marcomanni wars
caused vast damage in the province. On April 9, 193 Septimius
Severus, the governor of Pannonia Superior, was proclaimed emperor in
Carnuntum. The province prospered particularly during the first half
of the 3%%sup rd/% century (town development) and many merchants and
tradesmen from the East settled there. The first evidence of
Christians in the south of the province dates back to around 250, when
they are mentioned as martyrs. The province was also affected by the
wars of Emperor Valentinian I (364-375) against the Sarmatians
and Quadi. From 380 German and Hunnish allies (foederati) settled in
Pannonia. When in 433 the province was ceded to the Huns, this meant
the end of Pannonia's relations to the Italic centre of the Roman
Empire. Retia, Roman Roads, Roman Era.
!Literature
Die Roemer an der Donau, Noricum und Pannonien, exhibition
catalogue, Petronell 1973.
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