!!!Porzellankunst

China Goods, Manufacture and Design of, the artistic creation of 
utility articles and decorative porcelain objects, which was 
established in Austria when the Wiener Porzellanmanufaktur was founded 
in 1718. The Vienna porcelain factory dominated this sector until it 
was closed in 1864. After 1864 most porcelain and stoneware production 
was transferred to Bohemia, where in 1890 43 porcelain factories 
existed (e.g. Haas & Czjek in Chodau (Chodov), Pfeiffer und 
Loewenstein in Schlackenwerth (Ostrov), Winter & Co. in Elbogen 
(Locket)). They supplied the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy with products 
which were made in a historicist style. Famous leading porcelain 
factories included that founded by M. Fischer in Herend, Hungary in 
1839, which imitated or based their products on well-known European 
and Asian porcelains. The Hungarian Zsolnay factory at Pecs 
(Fuenfkirchen), which produced mainly simple utility porcelain ware 
from 1862 onwards, also produced important Jugendstil works from 
around 1900. The strong influence of the Wiener Secession on arts and 
crafts also encouraged the modern manufacture and design of porcelain. 
The Viennese porcelain factory of J. Boeck produced notable new 
designs by J. Sika, T. Trethan, J. Hoffmann and O. Prutscher from 1902 
onwards, which were decorated by e.g. J. E. Margold, K. Galle, D. 
Peche and others. M. Powolny was an important artist and teacher of 
the production of ceramics and continued to have a decisive influence 
on this art even after 1918. Along with V. Wieselthier, H. Bucher and 
W. Bosse he designed tableware and statuettes for the  Wiener 
Porzellanmanufaktur Augarten, which was founded in 1923 and has since 
been the leading Austrian porcelain factory. The quality of Powolny's 
creations (painted by F. Zuelow, E. Rottenberg or F. Berzewiczy) 
matched that of the products of the large-scale entrepreneur of 
ceramics and porcelain, Friedrich  Goldscheider.

!Literature
G. Sikota, Herendi Porcellán, 1970; W. Neuwirth, 
Wiener Porzellan. Original, Kopie, Verfaelschung, Faelschung, 1979; 
idem, Wiener Porzellan 1718-1864, 1983; V. Zsolnay, Ungarische 
Jugendstilkeramik, exhibition catalogue, Vienna 1986; W. Neuwirth, 
Wiener Porzellan vom Spaetbarock zum Art Deco, 1990; H. Zimmermann, 
Porzellanfabriken in Boehmen 1791-1945, 1990.


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