!!!Realismus

Realism, in literature and the arts, a style which aims at a detailed 
depiction of reality and dispenses with idealist glorification of the 
subject. Realism is characterised by a largely objective, unbiased way 
of looking at the world and by openness and tolerance. In literature, 
realism prevailed in the period between roughly 1850 to 1885; in a 
narrower sense, historians of German-language literature speak of 
"poetic realism" on account of the predominance of a distanced and 
detached narrative style. The leading Austrian representatives of 
realism in literature are M. von  Ebner-Eschenbach ("Das 
Gemeindekind", 1887) and F. von Saar ("Novellen aus 
Oesterreich", 1876), whose works present a trenchant picture of 
Austrian society at the end of the 19th century. The transition to 
naturalist prose is marked by the peasant novels of  Anzengruber 
("Der Sternsteinhof", 1885). The late novels by A.  Stifter 
("Witiko", 1865-1867), command a special place in realist 
literature in that their programme (the "sanftes Gesetz" - 
the "gentle law") hails from the author's classic-idealist stance. In 
the context of the literary discovery of the rural scene special 
interest attaches to Heimat literature and  Vernacular Literature, in 
particular the works of P.  Rosegger. Some German representatives of 
realism like F.  Hebbel and H.  Laube temporarily lived and worked in 
Austria. In  Naturalism the truthfulness of realism gave way to a 
tendency to copy reality.

\\
Further representatives: A.  Christen, W.  Fischer, K. E.  
Franzos, Maria E. delle  Grazie, C.  Karlweis, B.  Paoli, A.  Pichler, 
L.  Sacher-Masoch, B. von  Suttner; further, the critics and 
feuilletonists F.  Kuernberger, E.  Hanslick, T.  Herzl, A.  Kuh and 
D.  Spitzer.

!Literature
S. Kohl, R. Theorie und Geschichte, 1977; K. Rossbacher, 
Literatur und Liberalismus, 1992.


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