!!!Rechtspflege

Administration of Justice, the execution of  Jurisdiction and 
Administration of Justice, usually entrusted to the courts. Ordinary 
law courts have jurisdiction over civil and criminal cases, commercial 
courts over commercial cases (there are separate departments for 
insolvency cases), labour and social welfare cases are within the 
jurisdiction of industrial and pension tribunals. In commercial courts 
and industrial and pension tribunals the court decides as a panel with 
lay experts of the fields in question. District courts have separate 
departments for non-contentious cases (probate, custody and 
guardianship, adoption, legitimations, certifying of documents, 
declarations of death, incapacitation etc.) and judicial executions. 
Only Vienna has a separate commercial court as well as industrial and 
pension tribunals and an execution court. District courts are in 
charge of land registers and commercial courts of company registers 
(both are computerised).  Rechtspfleger are in charge of minor cases 
in civil courts, mainly of non-contentious cases and executions and 
they also administer the land and company registers. As an exception  
Notaries (public) act as court commissioners in probate cases and for 
certifying documents. Judges are the main organs of the administration 
of justice in public courts, as members of independent administrative 
panels ( Unabhaengiger Verwaltungssenat) and of other collegiate 
quasi-judicial authorities (conveyance of agricultural land and real 
estate). In cases of voluntary arbitration ( Court of Arbitration) the 
arbitrators, who are usually experts in the respective field, are 
chosen and appointed by the parties involved. In criminal cases the 
involvement of lay judges and jurors is required by law, and jurors 
are empanelled under threat of punishment. The execution of punishment 
(imprisonment) is carried out by prisons.


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