!!!Schauspielschulen

Drama schools: the bourgeois demand for  theatre to function as an 
educational institution raised the standing of actors and led to the 
establishment of private drama schools from the mid-18%%sup th/%  
century. The aim of these schools was to train actors capable of 
coping with the demands of "moral education" and of 
providing a nuanced portrayal of their characters (in 1779 a private 
drama school was established by the Viennese court actor 
J. H. F. Mueller). In the 19%%sup th/%  century the demand 
for actors grew due to the foundation of city theatres, prompting many 
actors and actresses to offer private instruction to aspiring actors. 
At the same time larger drama schools were founded (e.g. by E. 
Kierschner in 1869, the Otto drama school in 1886). In the 
20%%sup th/%  century the quality of these schools was considerably 
increased owing to the support of renowned theatres, and drama schools 
developed out of dramatic classes given at conservatories; after 1874 
there was a separate department for drama at the Vienna Conservatory 
of the Gesellschaft der  Musikfreunde in Wien, which became the 
state-run "Academy for Music and the Performing Arts" in 
1909 and the acting and directing seminar became the  
Reinhardt-Seminar in 1929. The  art universities in Salzburg and Graz, 
as well as the Bruckner Conservatory in Linz also provide training for 
actors. In addition to the state-run drama schools which require an 
entrance audition and a four-year course of study, there are numerous 
schools run either by cities or privately (e.g. the Krauss drama 
school in Vienna established in 1948), as well as the Workshops, 
established in the seventies, which arose out of the alternative 
theatre scene. In order to become an actor in accordance with the 
labour laws and trade union stipulations, students following a course 
of study for drama in Austria must pass a final examination called 
"Buehnenreifepruefung".

!Literature
100 Jahre Schauspielschulen, ed. by the Academy of Music 
and the Performing Arts in Vienna, undated; A. Smudits, Die soziale 
Situation der Schauspielschueler in Wien, doctoral thesis, Vienna 
1979; D. H. Bratsch and W. Krauss (eds.), "Ein Haus der 
Freude". 40 Jahre Schauspielschule Krauss, undated (1988).


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