!!!Schmalspurbahnen
Narrow Gauge Railways, railways with a gauge below the normal gauge
(1,435 mm); one such example was the first Austrian railway, the
horse-drawn railway line Budweis- Linz (1832, 1836 to Gmunden), with a
gauge of 1,106 mm. Narrow rights of way, lighter substructures
and carriages as well as the ability to pass narrow bends, all
features characteristic of narrow gauge railways, made it possible to
open up narrow valleys quickly and at minimum cost. Narrow gauge
railways were tram-like and only served small areas. In 1878/79 (when
Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia) military railway lines had to be
built quickly. Their tracks and carriages fitted a gauge of
760 mm. From 1889 (1st part of the Steyrtalbahn railway) local
railway services in the pre-Alpine and Alpine valleys were set up.
Modelled on the electric railway service Moedling- Hinterbruehl
(1883-1885, discontinued in 1932), local railway services in and
around Innsbruck as well as in Upper Austria were also built in the
1,000 mm gauge from 1891 on.
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Important 760 mm railways: Mariazeller Bahn (1898-1907, line similar
to the Semmeringbahn railway, electrified in 1911), Murtalbahn (1894),
Pinzgauer Bahn (1898), Zillertalbahn (1900-1902); the last 760 mm
railway was opened in 1930 and ran between Birkfeld and Ratten. From
1957 the following narrow gauge railways were gradually discontinued:
Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn, the two Carinthian lines (Gurk Valley,
Vellachtal valley), the Steyrtalbahn, the Bregenzerwaldbahn and the
railways in the northern Waldviertel region (now only excursion trips
from Heidenreichstein). All the remaining track sections are still in
use as museum pieces.
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The tram in Linz and the former electric local railway service to
St. Florian (historic railway line) were built with the rare
gauge of 900 mm. The latest narrow gauge railway in Austria is
the Hoehenbahn Reisseck in Carinthia (alt. 2,240 m), the only one
with a gauge of 600 mm. To avoid re-loading, some narrow gauge
railway lines can be adapted for standard-gauge wagons with trolleys
or dollies.
!Literature
W. Krobot et al., Schmalspurig durch Oesterreich,
%%sup 4/%1991; A. Christopher, G. Mackinger and P. Wegenstein,
Privatbahnen in Oesterreich. Strecken - Fahrzeuge - Betrieb, 1997;
J. O. Slezak, Von Salzburg nach Bad Ischl. Geschichte der
Salzkammergut-Lokalbahn, 1997; C. Hager and P. Wegenstein,
Steyrtalbahn, 1998; G. Breitfuss, Die Pinzgauer Lokalbahn, 1998.
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