!!!Schmerling, Anton von

b. Vienna, Aug. 23, 1805, 
d. Vienna, May 23, 1893. Law scholar and liberal politician. 1848 
member of the  Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, there Minister of the 
Interior, then Prime Minister (Minister Praesident) - (stepped down in 
Dec. 1848); 1849-1851 Minister of Justice, 1851-1858 President of the 
Senate (Senatspraesident) at the Supreme Court. 1860-1865 at the head 
of the government (as State Minister because Archduke  Rainer was 
official Prime Minister), then replaced the federalist  Oktoberdiplom 
by the centralist  February Patent and governed with this 
constitution, supported only by the German Liberal Party (Deutsch 
Liberale) in the  Abgeordnetenhaus (Chamber of Deputies - popularly 
called S. theatre), and against the growing opposition of the 
Hungarians and the Slav peoples, who finally overthrew him; president 
of the Supreme Court, after 1879 at the head of the opposition in the 
Upper Chamber of Parliament against what he regarded as the federalist 
policy of E. Count  Taaffe. The S. era brought about the  
Protestantism, Imperial Decree on (1861), a law on the protection of a 
number of basic rights for Protestants (1862), the Frankfurter 
Fuerstentag (1863) and Austria´s participation in the  
German-Danish War  (1864).

!Literature
A. v. Arneth, A. Ritter v. S., 1895; P. Molisch, 
A. v. S. und der Liberalismus in Oe., 1944; H. Slanecko, S. 
und das Parlament, doctoral thesis, Vienna 1954; Der Vater der 
Verfassung. Aus den Denkwuerdigkeiten A. Ritters v. S., 1973.



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