!!!Schrödinger, Erwin

b. Vienna, Aug. 12, 1887, 
d. Vienna, Jan. 4, 1961. Physicist, co-founder of wave mechanics, won 
Nobel Prize for physics in 1933 (with P. Dirac) for developing the 
application of wave mechanics to atomic structure, presented in his 
work "Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem" ("Quantisation as an 
eigenvalue problem") (1926), pupil of F.  Hasenoehrl and F.  
Exner in Vienna, university professor in Stuttgart, Wroclav, from 1921 
in Zurich, 1927 successor of M. Planck in Berlin, from 1934 in Oxford, 
1936-1938 in Graz; while in exile, at the Dublin Institute for 
Advanced Studies, 1955 returned to Vienna, 1950/51 guest lectures in 
Innsbruck. He developed a second-order differential equation, the wave 
equation of matter. The now famous S. equation, corrected by him and 
Dirac (1928) by adaptation to the insights gained from the theory of 
relativity, describes the discrete energy levels of electrons in atoms 
as eigenvalues of the differential equation. He thus showed that the 
dual nature of light (particle and wave) found by A. Einstein applied 
to all matter. S.´s findings have contributed to a new 
conception of the world, which revolutionalised physics and created a 
new basis for understanding nature. Numerous awards. The Austrian 
Academy of Sciences founded the E. S. Prize in 1956, which is 
awarded every year for outstanding achievements in the field of 
natural sciences with special consideration to the subjects physics 
and chemistry.

!Further works
Abhandlung zur Wellenmechanik, 1927; 4 Vorlesungen 
ueber Wellenmechanik, 1928; Spezielle Relativitaetstheorie, 1931; Die 
moderne Atomtheorie, 1934; What Is Life, 1944 (Was ist Leben?, 1946); 
Die Besonderheit des Weltbildes der Naturwissenschaften, 1948; 
Space-Time Structure, 1950; Naturwissenschaften und Humanismus, 1951; 
Gibt es Quantenspruenge?, 1952; Nature and the Greeks, 1954 (Die Natur 
und die Griechen, 1955); Orientierung im Weltall, 1954; Mind and 
Matter (Geist und Materie), %%sup 2/%1961; Was ist ein Naturgesetz?, 
1962; Mein Leben, meine Weltansicht, 1985; Briefe und Dokumente aus 
Wien und Innsbruck, 1992.

!Literature
D. Hoffmann, E. S., 1984; W. Moore, E. S., Life 
and Thoughts, 1989; W. J. Moore, A Life of E. S., 1994.



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