!!!Sozialversicherung

Social Insurance, a compulsory insurance financed by social insurance 
contributions, provides for events such as illness, maternity, 
accidents at work and occupational disease, incapacity to work, old 
age, unemployment and death of the head of the family; legislation and 
execution are within the jurisdiction of the federal government. The 
forerunners of the current social insurance legislation emerged in the 
19%%sup th/%  century in the course of the Industrial Revolution on 
the basis of self-help groups such as those run by  Guilds 
(journeymen's guilds, miners' guilds etc.). During the German Empire a 
health and accident insurance law was passed in 1883 and 1884, in 
Austria an accident insurance law was enacted in 1887, a health 
insurance law in 1888, a pension insurance scheme for white collar 
workers was introduced in 1906 and an unemployment insurance law in 
1920. From 1939 the Reichsversicherungsordnung (RVO - Reich insurance 
law) was applied; this insurance scheme was the first to provide for 
an old-age insurance for workers. The RVO was valid until 1955, the  
Allgemeine Sozialversicherungsgesetz (ASVG) came into force in 1956; 
it comprised health, accident and pension insurance schemes for both 
blue-collar and white-collar workers. The social insurance scheme was 
later extended to the self-employed. The group of persons covered by 
social insurance is determined by their occupation: social insurance 
for persons in dependent employment is regulated by the Allgemeines 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz - ASVG, for the self-employed by the 
Gewerbliches Sozialversicherungsgesetz - GSVG, for farmers by the 
Bauern Sozialversicherungsgesetz - BSVG, for civil servants by the 
Beamten Kranken- und Unfallversicherungsgesetz - B-KUVG and for 
freelance professionals and notaries by the Freiberufliches 
Sozialversicherungsgesetz - FSVG and the Notariats Versicherungsgesetz 
- NVG, unemployment insurance is covered by the Arbeitslosen 
Versicherungsgesetz - AlVG. In 2000 there were 28 social insurance 
institutions; their umbrella organisation is the  Hauptverband der 
oesterreichischen Sozialversicherungstraeger.

!Literature
K. Grillberger, Oesterreichisches Sozialrecht, 
%%sup 4/%1998; T. Tomandl, System des oesterreichischen 
Sozialversicherungsrechts (collection of articles).


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