!!!Spanischer Erbfolgekrieg

Spanish Succession, War of; war between Austria and France from 1701 
to 1714 over the issue of the Spanish succession after the death of 
the last Spanish Habsburg, Karl II; Louis XIV of France 
wanted to assert the rights of his grandson Philip, duc d'Anjou, to 
whom Karl II had willed his possessions and Emperor 
Leopold I fought for the rights of his son Karl (VI). 
Austria's allies were England, Holland (Grand Alliance of The Hague, 
1701), Brandenburg, Hanover and Savoy from 1703, France was supported 
by Bavaria, Cologne and Savoy until 1703. Battles took place all over 
Europe; the English conquered Gibraltar in 1704, Karl won Catalonia, 
Aragon and Valencia, he was elected king (Karl III) in Madrid in 
1706, but lost most of his holdings in 1707. The Bavarians were 
defeated in battles in southern Germany and Tirol near the  Pontlatz 
Bridge in 1703; on August 13, 1704 the Austrians and the English 
were victorious in the battle near Hoechstaedt; in Italy battles took 
place mainly in the plain of the River Po, on September 7, 1706 
Austrians gained victory near Turin. The Austrians were victorious in 
the Spanish Netherlands, where they won the Battles of Ramillies on 
May 23, 1706, of  Oudenaarde on July 11, 1708 and of  
Malplaquet on September 11, 1709. The  Kuruc Invasions affected 
Hungary and the eastern part of Austria from 1703 to 1711. The most 
important generals fighting on the Habsburgs' side were Prince  
Eugène of Savoy and J. Churchill Duke of Marlborough, who led 
the joint English and Netherland troops, but neither succeeded in 
winning the war for the Habsburgs. After the death of Emperor 
Joseph I in 1711, Great Britain and Holland feared that the 
balance of powers might shift in favour of Joseph's successor, 
Karl VI and concluded the Peace of  Utrecht in 1713; the Emperor 
entered negotiations over this treaty on March 6, 1714 in Rastatt 
and joined it on September 7, 1714 in Baden (Switzerland). Philip 
V remained King of Spain, the Habsburg emperor gained the Spanish 
Netherlands, Naples, Milan with Mantua and Sardinia.

!Literature
M. Braubach, Prinz Eugen, 5 vols., 1963-1965; Prinz 
Eugen und das barocke Oesterreich, exhibition catalogue, Schlosshof 
und Niederweiden 1986.


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