!!!Turnen

Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778-1852), the founder of the Turnverein 
(gymnastic club) movement in Berlin at the beginning of the 
19%%sup th/%  century, can be called the "father of 
gymnastics". In Austria the concepts of gymnastics and physical 
education as part of the curriculum in schools are based mainly on the 
work of K.  Gaulhofer and M.  Streicher. In Vienna the first 
Universitaets-Turnanstalt (University Department of Physical 
Education), which also offered training for secondary school 
gymnastics teachers until 1870, was established in 1848. After 1870 
special courses for gymnastics teachers were introduced at the 
Austrian universities (in Vienna in 1870/1871, in Graz in 1873, in 
Innsbruck in 1913 and 1919); these courses led to the establishment of 
degree programmes for physical education. The 
"Nordoesterreichischer Turngau", an association that formed 
part of the Deutsche Turnerschaft (German Gymnastics Association), was 
expelled in 1888 after having introduced a ban on non-Aryan members. 
It founded a new organisation, the "Deutscher Turnerbund" 
(re-established in Linz in 1919). Gymnastics also played a major role 
in the First Republic in the  Worker´s Sports Movement. After 
the Second World War the following gymnastics organisations were 
formed in Austria: the Austrian  Turn- und Sportunion, the Austrian  
Turnerbund, the Reichsbund for Gymnastics and Sports; the Austrian 
Federal Association for Gymnastics was founded in 1946 and has its 
head office in Vienna; in 1994 it had more than 130,000 members who 
belonged to 473 smaller organisations


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