!!!UNO, United Nations Organization
UNO (UN), United Nations Organisation (German:Organisation der
Vereinten Nationen), founded in San Francisco on June 26, 1945 by
51 states as successor to the League of Nations with the object of
maintaining world peace; by 1978 the number of member states had
already increased to 150, by 1998 to 185. UN head offices are in New
York (headquarters), Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi; Vienna is host to the
International Atomic Energy Organisation (IAEO), the United Nations
Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the Comprehensive Nuclear
Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), drugs programmes etc. The
purposes of the United Nations are formulated in the Preamble to its
Charter. The United Nations has a number of organs and specialised
agencies. The General Assembly is the central political consultative
organ. The Security Council is the most significant organ of the UN,
it is the primary organ responsible for securing world peace and takes
decisions that are binding on all UN members; it consists of five
permanent members, who are vested with veto power (USA, Russia, United
Kingdom, France and China) and 10 non-permanent members to be elected
for period of two years. From 1971 to 1981 the Austrian, K. Waldheim
was Secretary-General of the United Nations.
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UN peace-keeping forces (Blue Berets) have been deployed by the
Security Council in peace-keeping missions since 1948 ( UN Missions).
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Austria acceded to the UNO on December 14, 1955 and was a member
of the Security Council from 1973-1974 and from 1991-1992. In 1960 it
submitted the South Tyrol issue to the United Nations for settlement.
Alongside its participation in peace-keeping operations and
disarmament talks Austria has in particular focused on humanitarian
issues. Austria's financial contribution to the UN budget (1998:
$ 1.1 billion) amounts to 0.94 %.
!Literature
R. Wolfrum (ed.), Handbuch Vereinte Nationen,
%%sup 2/%1991; A. Verdross and B. Simma, Universelles Voelkerrecht,
%%sup 2/%1992; G. Unser, Die UNO, %%sup 6/%1997.
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