!!!UNO, United Nations Organization

UNO (UN), United Nations Organisation (German:Organisation der 
Vereinten Nationen), founded in San Francisco on June 26, 1945 by 
51 states as successor to the  League of Nations with the object of 
maintaining world peace; by 1978 the number of member states had 
already increased to 150, by 1998 to 185. UN head offices are in New 
York (headquarters), Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi; Vienna is host to the 
International Atomic Energy Organisation (IAEO), the United Nations 
Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO), the Comprehensive Nuclear 
Test Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), drugs programmes etc. The 
purposes of the United Nations are formulated in the Preamble to its 
Charter. The United Nations has a number of organs and specialised 
agencies. The General Assembly is the central political consultative 
organ. The Security Council is the most significant organ of the UN, 
it is the primary organ responsible for securing world peace and takes 
decisions that are binding on all UN members; it consists of five 
permanent members, who are vested with veto power (USA, Russia, United 
Kingdom, France and China) and 10 non-permanent members to be elected 
for period of two years. From 1971 to 1981 the Austrian, K.  Waldheim 
was Secretary-General of the United Nations.

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UN peace-keeping forces (Blue Berets) have been deployed by the 
Security Council in peace-keeping missions since 1948 ( UN Missions).

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Austria acceded to the UNO on December 14, 1955 and was a member 
of the Security Council from 1973-1974 and from 1991-1992. In 1960 it 
submitted the South Tyrol issue to the United Nations for settlement. 
Alongside its participation in peace-keeping operations and 
disarmament talks Austria has in particular focused on humanitarian 
issues. Austria's financial contribution to the UN budget (1998: 
$ 1.1 billion) amounts to 0.94 %.

!Literature
R. Wolfrum (ed.), Handbuch Vereinte Nationen, 
%%sup 2/%1991; A. Verdross and B. Simma, Universelles Voelkerrecht, 
%%sup 2/%1992; G. Unser, Die UNO, %%sup 6/%1997.


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