!!!Unternehmer

Entrepreneur (and entrepreneurial associations, also employers' 
associations): Entrepreneurs are persons who run market-oriented 
enterprises in the production and service sectors irrespective of 
whether they own the business or not. On the basis of this definition, 
the concept of entrepreneurship presupposed the existence of 
supralocal market conditions. J. A.  Schumpeter and other 
political economists regarded entrepreneurs as the vehicles of 
economic innovation. As the number of entrepreneurs increased, it 
became necessary to establish entrepreneurial associations to 
safeguard their interests. The Inner Austrian (1837) and the Lower 
Austrian (1839)  Gewerbeverein can be considered to have been the 
first entrepreneurial associations in present-day Austria; their 
membership also included scholars and other individuals. The chambers 
of commerce founded from 1848, which were typical entrepreneurial 
associations, at the same time represented governmental interests as 
public-law corporations. Free associations of entrepreneurs were the 
Industrielle Club (Industrial Club, 1875), the "Centralverband 
der Industriellen Oesterreichs" (Central Association of Austrian 
Industry, 1892/93), and the "Bund oesterreichischer Industrieller" 
(League of Austrian Industry, 1897). The major entrepreneurial 
associations were merged in 1919 to form the Federation of Austrian 
Industry.  Employers' Associations,  Interest Groups,  Federation of 
Austrian Industry.

!Literature
G. Sturmayr, Industrielle Interessenpolitik in der 
Donaumonarchie, doctoral thesis, Innsbruck 1991.


%%language
[Back to the Austrian Version|AEIOU/Unternehmer|class='wikipage austrian']
%%

[{FreezeArticle author='AEIOU' template='Lexikon_1995_englisch'}]
[{ALLOW view All}][{ALLOW comment All}][{ALLOW edit FreezeAdmin}]