!!!Wiener Neustadt

Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria, chartered town in the district of 
Wiener Neustadt, alt. 265 m, pop. 35,134, area 60.97 km%%sup 2/%, 
main municipality in the Steinfeld plain, situated close to the border 
with the province of Burgenland. - Provincial court, district court, 
firefighting headquarters, federal police directorate, labour market 
service, inland revenue office, office of weights, measures and 
surveying, customs office, labour inspectorate, hospital, regional 
health and social insurance office, chamber of labour, economic 
chamber, District Chamber of Agricultural and Allied Workers, prison, 
Daun, Maximilian and Berchtoldsheim barracks, military air base and 
Maria-Theresia military academy, Forestry services for torrent and 
avalanche control, regional construction superintendence office, 
forestry enterprise of the Austrian Federal Forests, outpatient clinic 
and day home for handicapped children, probation supervision office, 
Information and Guidance Centre for Women, school psychological 
service, environmental advisory office for southern Lower Austria, 
St. Bernhard arts centre, various institutions run by the Caritas 
(Fachschule fuer Sozialberufe - school of social work), social 
guidance centre, counselling centre of the psycho-social services, 
Lower Austrian social centre for families, centre for marriage, family 
and life counselling, centre for the auditively challenged, sheltered 
workshop, Hilfswerk welfare organisation, Kolpinghaus centre, shelter 
for people in need, Austrian Information Service for Development Aid 
Policies, New Apostolic Church, Islamic Cultural Union, Regional 
Industry Museum, city library, town hostel, city theatre, sewage 
purification plant, Fohlenhof federal stud-farm, 
Bundes-Oberstufenrealgymnasium secondary school, 2 Bundesgymnasium 
secondary schools, Bundesrealgymnasium secondary school, 
Bundesgymnasium and Bundesrealgymnasium fuer Berufstaetige secondary 
schools at the Theresian Military Academy, Federal Boarding School, 
commercial academy, upper secondary school of engineering, 
advanced-level school of fashion and dress-making, advanced-level 
commercial school, Fachhochschule, adult education centre, 
conservatory, vocational school of trade and commerce, golf links (at 
Kleinwolkersdorf), regional headquarters of the Lower Austrian power 
supply company "Energieversorgung Niederoesterreich AG 
(EVN)", "Wiener Neustaedter Nachrichten" regional newspaper, 
airport, waterworks. About 65 % of the 21,186 people in gainful 
employment work in service industries (1991) (especially trade, 
personal, social and public services); production: textile industry, 
metal-processing industry (machine factories, foundries, metalware, 
fittings, steel construction), chemical industry, cardboard and 
paperboard production, piano manufactory, plastics industry, concrete 
mixing and stone-crushing plant, construction industry. Southern Lower 
Austrian Innovation Centre, technology park in the planning stage. - 
Founded by Duke Leopold V in 1194. Bishopric from 1469-1785, then 
transferred to St. Poelten. Enormous increase in population 
(especially 1880-1910) due to industrialisation and the construction 
of the Schnellbahn suburban service, 65 % destroyed by bombing 
1943-1945 (most heavily damaged Austrian town during World War II 
due to its production of aeroplanes, tenders, etc. and consequent 
significance for the arms industry). - Systematic arrangement of 
gates, monastic and castle buildings on a rectangular ground-plan with 
grid-system; main square with pergola and town hall. City parish 
church with late Romanesque core (13th century, "Brauttor" gate 1260) 
and early Gothic parts (one of the oldest ribbed vaults in Austria), 
redecorated in late-Gothic style by S. Werpacher in the 15th century, 
the western part was redecorated in Romanesque style in 1884, interior 
17th/18th%%sup  /%century: tomb of Cardinal Klesl, late-Gothic 
annunciation group and 12 apostle statues by L. Luchsberger. New 
Convent Church ("Neuklosterkirche"), basilica with nave walls resting 
on pillars (around 1300), redecorated in the 14th and 15th century, 
high altar (1698), side altar pieces by F. Solimena (1741), M. 
Unterberger (1748) and M. Altomonte (1737), tomb of Empress Eleonore 
of Portugal (1467); New Convent (Neukloster - around 17th-18th 
century); former church of St. Peter an der Sperr, built by P. 
Pusika 1450-1475, now exhibition hall with adjoining town museum 
(1994); former Jesuit church (1737-1743), town archives in the former 
monastery; former Habsburg castle (2nd half of the 13th century), 
alterations under Maria Theresia by N. Pacassi and M. Gerl, Theresian 
Military Academy 1742-1918, largely destroyed in 1945, after its 
reconstruction, an officers' school since 1952, Georgskirche church, 
army bishop's church since 1963, burial vault chapel of Emperor 
Friedrich III, who resided mainly in Wiener Neustadt in the 
15th%%sup  /%century, hall church by P. Pusika (1449-1460), with 
important glass paintings, tomb of Emperor Maximilian I 
underneath the high altar, wall with Coats of Arms (1453) with a 
statue of Emperor Friedrich III; former Carmelite church 
(construction began in 1697), currently used for exhibitions; 
historical weapons on exhibition in old tower with spiral staircase, a 
part of the city wall, sections of which date from the Middle Ages; 
several late-Gothic buildings and town houses with Baroque 
façades. Renovated Gothic stone column "Spinnerin am Kreuz" 
(1382-1384); Jewish cemetery.

!Literature
J. Mayer, Geschichte von Wiener Neustadt, 4 vols., 
1924-1928; G. Gerhartl, Wiener Neustadt - Geschichte, Kunst, Kultur, 
Wirtschaft, %%sup 2/%1993; Oesterreichisches Staedtebuch, 
vol. IV, part 3, Die Staedte Niederoesterreichs, 1982; F. 
Pinczolits (ed.), Wiener Neustadt, 1990; F. Stundner, Der 
niederoesterreichische Bezirk Wiener Neustadt und seine Gemeinden, 
1992; Magistrat der Stadt Wiener Neustadt (ed.), Statistischer 
Jahresbericht der Stadt Wiener Neustadt, 1993.


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