!!!Zackenstil

Zackenstil ("Zig-zag Style"), also "Zackbruechiger Stil", 
transitional style between  Romanesque and  Gothic in book 
illuminations, murals, and stained glass; developed in the 1%%sup st/% 
 half of the 13%%sup th/%  century from Byzantine and western 
European/German roots (first rudiments in Thuringia, along the Central 
Rhine river and in Regensburg book illuminations), reached its height 
after the mid-13%%sup th/%  century in Austria. Important works of 
this style have been preserved in Vienna, Lower Austria and especially 
in the Carinthian-Styrian area. A characteristic feature of the 
Zackenstil is the jaggedly broken arrangement of lines of cloth folds 
and contours with the traditional Romanesque forms being kept to a 
large extent. The style's late phase is characterised by elaborate 
linearity.

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The Zackenstil is thought to have started in  book illuminations; 
characteristic examples are the Seitenstetten Evangelistary (around 
1247-1250, Pierpont Morgan Library in New York), based on Bavarian 
models, and the Zwettl Psalter (1%%sup st/%  half of 13%%sup th/%  
century, Zwettl Abbey), probably originating from Bohemia. The main 
work of the style in Austria is the cycle of frescoes on the western 
gallery of  Gurk Cathedral (around 1220, restoration and extensions 
after 1260), which is the largest and best preserved fresco cycle in 
the German-speaking world from that time. Another important work of 
late Zackenstil is the  Wimpassing Cross (around 1270/80). Further 
examples: frescoes in  Goess (around 1280), in  Seckau (around 
1270/80) and in Krems an der Donau (around 1280), and  stained glass 
in Gurk (after 1260) and  Friesach (around 1270/80).

!Literature
W. Frodl, Zur Malerei der 2. Haelfte des 
13. Jahrhunderts in Oesterreich, in: Wiener Jahrbuch fuer 
Kunstgeschichte, vol. 16, 1954; R. Kroemer, Die Entstehung und 
Bedeutung des Zackenstiles in der steirischen Kunst des 
13. Jahrhunderts, doctoral thesis, Graz 1954; P. v. Baldass, 
W. Buchowiecki and W. Mrazek, Romanische Kunst in Oesterreich, 1962; 
Die Zeit der fruehen Habsburger, exhibition catalogue, Wiener Neustadt 
1979.


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