!!!Zivilprozess

Civil Litigation, contentious proceedings for the assertion of civil 
claims (e.g. under landlord and tenant law, matrimonial law, or the 
law of damages). This aspect of the judicial function ( Jurisdiction 
and Administration of Justice) is for the most part regulated in the 
Law on Court Jurisdiction and the Code of Civil Procedure. The main 
supplementary statutes are the Labour Tribunal Law and the Social 
Court Law (1986). Proceedings are only instituted upon application 
(bringing suit). Procedural principles: publicity (except for 
matrimonial and family law litigations), orality, immediacy (i.e., 
apart from certain exceptions stipulated by law, the taking of 
evidence - the hearing of the parties to the lawsuit and of witnesses, 
evaluation of documentary evidence, the hearing of expert witnesses 
and evidence by inspection - is reserved to the judge hearing the case 
in question). The principle that both parties must be given a hearing 
is enshrined in Constitutional Law (Art. 6 European Convention on 
Human Rights). While the judge´s decision is limited to the 
object sought by the parties ("disposition principle"), the 
judge has to expedite proceedings as s/he best sees fit; accordingly 
s/he may ex officio require specific forms of evidence (in particular 
expert opinions) to be presented.

!Literature
H. W. Fasching, Lehrbuch des oesterreichischen 
Zivilprozessrechts, %%sup 2/%1990; W. H. Rechberger and D.-A. 
Simotta, Grundriss des oesterreichischen Zivilprozessrechts 
(Erkenntnisverfahren), %%sup 4/%1994.


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