!!!Zweig, Stefan

b. Vienna, Nov. 28, 1881, 
d. Petropolis near Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Feb. 23, 1942, (committed 
suicide together with his second wife), narrative writer, dramatist, 
poet, essayist, translator. First married to Friderike Maria  Zweig. 
Born into a Jewish bourgeois family; studied philosophy, German and 
Romance languages and culture at the Universities of Vienna and 
Berlin.Travelled throughout the world until 1914; during World War I 
worked at the Vienna War Press Agency; a confirmed pacifist, he moved 
to Switzerland in 1917 but returned to Austria to live in Salzburg 
from 1919 to 1934. Went into exile to London in reaction to 
harrassment during the political unrest of February 1934; became a 
citizen of Great Britain in 1940; moved to Brazil in 1941.

\\
Z. regarded himself as a cosmopolitan and European but still clung to 
the traditional values of pre-Republican Austria. His works are 
characterized by a pacifist and humanistic way of thinking. Adhering 
to the styles of Viennese Impressionism and New Romanticism, he 
achieved his first success with poetry (e.g. "Silberne Saiten", 1901); 
influenced by the teachings of S.  Freud, he turned to writing novels 
on the sexual confusion of the bourgeoisie of that time (e.g. 
"Brennendes Geheimnis", 1913; "Amok. Novelle einer Leidenschaft", 
1922; "Conflicts" ("Verwirrung der Gefuehle"), 1927). Z. rose to 
international fame with his biographic novels which, in contrast to 
the then current heroic biographies, underlined the heroism of 
characters who adhered to their personal convictions (e.g. "Marie 
Antoinette", 1932; "Triumph und Tragik des Erasmus von Rotterdam", 
1934; "Maria Stuart", 1935; "Magellan", 1938); the collection of 
essays called "The Tide of Fortune" ("Sternstunden der Menschheit"), 
written in 1927, became one of the bestsellers of the time.

!Further works
Poetry: Die fruehen Kraenze, 1906; Die gesammelten 
Gedichte, 1924. - Novels: Beware of Pity (Ungeduld des Herzens), 1939; 
Rausch der Verwandlung, published posthumously, ed. by K. Beck, 1982; 
Clarissa. Ein Romanentwurf, published posthumously, ed. by K. Beck, 
1992. - Biographies and essays: E. Verhaeren, 1910; Three Masters 
(Drei Meister. Balzac, Dickens, Dostojewski), 1920; Romain Rolland, 
1921; Master Builders (Der Kampf mit dem Daemon. Hoelderlin. Kleist. 
Nietzsche), 1925; Drei Dichter ihres Lebens, 1928; Joseph Fouche, 
1929; Die Heilung durch den Geist, 1931; Castellio gegen Calvin oder 
Ein Gewissen gegen die Gewalt, 1936; Amerigo, 1944; Balzac, 1946. - 
Narratives: Der Zwang, 1920; Die Augen des ewigen Bruders, 1922; 
Angst, 1925; Kleine Chronik, 1929; Schachnovelle, 1941. - Dramas: 
Tersites, 1907; Das Haus am Meer, 1912; Der verwandelte Komoediant, 
1913; Jeremias, 1917; Legende eines Lebens, 1919; Quiproquo, 1928 
(with A. Lernet-Holenia); Das Lamm des Armen, 1929. - Autobiographic 
writings: Begegnungen mit Menschen, Buechern, Staedten, 1937; Die Welt 
von Gestern, 1944. - Editions: Complete works published in several 
volumes, ed. by K. Beck, from 1981; Tagebuecher, ed. by K. Beck, 1984; 
Briefwechsel mit Bahr, Freud, Rilke und Schnitzler, ed. by J. B. 
Berlin et al., 1987; Briefe, ed. by K. Beck, 4 vols., 1995ff.; Die 
Monotonisierung der Welt. Aufsaetze und Vortraege, ed. by V. Michels, 
1988.

!Literature
J. Strelka, S. Z. Freier Geist der Menschlichkeit, 1981; 
D. A. Prater, S. Z. Das Leben eines Ungeduldigen, 1981; D. A. Prater 
and V. Michels (eds.), S. Z. Leben und Werk im Bild, 1981; H. Mueller, 
S. Z., 1988; T. Haenel, S. Z., Psychologe aus Leidenschaft, 1995; I. 
Schwamborn (ed.), Die letzte Partie. S. Z. Leben und Werk in 
Brasilien, 1999; S. Schmid-Bortenschlager (ed.), S. Z. lebt, 1999; 
NOeB.



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