!!!k. k., k. u. k

k. k. and k. u. k. ("kaiserlich-koeniglich" and 
"kaiserlich und koeniglich") The abbreviation k. k. (kaiserlich 
stands for imperial, koeniglich for royal) was already used in the 
18%%sup th/%  century. After the Compromise (Ausgleich) of 1867 
k.k. was used for and comprised agencies and institutions in the 
western part of the Habsburg empire ("kingdoms and lands represented 
in the Reichsrat") but not for the eastern part, the kingdom of 
Hungary ("koeniglich-ungarisch" = Royal Hungarian". The abbreviation 
k. u. k. was used for institutions and agencies common to 
the two parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy (i.e. the army, the 
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance), as 
illustrated by the following examples: k. k. Landwehr (militia), 
Royal Hungarian Honved (militia), k. u. k. Armed Forces.


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