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| Relief location map of the Arctic Ocean. Projection: Azimuthal equidistant projection. Area of interest: N: 90.0° N S: 70.0° N W: -180.0° E E: 180.0° E Projection center: NS: 90° N WE: 0° E| central part of File:Arctic Ocean relief location map.png| The source file is from Uwe Dedering| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Arctic Ocean relief location map 2.png
| Opaque red circle| Eigenes Werk| PoM| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Cercle rouge 100%.svg
| Geode auf der Champ-Insel, Franz-Josef-Land, Russland| Eigenes Werk| Polarstar at de.wikipedia| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Champ insel geode.jpg
| The Wikimedia Commons logo, SVG version.| Original created by Reidab ( PNG version ) SVG version was created by Grunt and cleaned up by 3247 . Re-creation with SVG geometry features by Pumbaa , using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions used to be slightly warped.)| Reidab , Grunt , 3247 , Pumbaa| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Commons-logo.svg
| Endless. Franz Josef Land.| https://www.flickr.com/photos/cmichel67/19489321430/| Christopher Michel| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by.png' alt='CC BY 2.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-20.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Endless. Franz Josef Land.jpg
| NASA image captured this true-color image on August 14, 2011 The clouds parted over the northeast Barents Sea region of the Arctic Ocean in late summer allowing a view of the ice-covered islands of Franz Josef Land (Russia) forming a stark-white contrast to the surrounding dark sea water. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite captured this true-color image on August 14, 2011. Franz Josef Land is an archipelago of 6 main islands and about 135 small islands, with a total landmass of about 16,134 square kilometers (6,229 square miles). The terrain is primarily elevated table lands and low hills, with the highest point rising to 620 m (2034 feet). The glaciers on the islands of Franz Josef are currently in a state of retreat, and in this image large areas of the main islands clearly appear ice free. However, up to 85% of the island’s landmass is permanently ice-covered, with an average ice thickness of about 180 m (590 feet). On Graham Bell Island —the large island on the eastern edge of the group— the Windy Dome Ice Cap reaches a depth of greater than 500 m (1,640 feet). Although being late summer, sea ice can still be seen surrounding many of the islands. Credit: NASA/GSFC/Jeff Schmaltz/MODIS Land Rapid Response Team NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram| Franz Josef Land, Arctic Ocean Uploaded by PDTillman| NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Greenbelt, MD, USA| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Franz Josef Land, Aug 2011.jpg
| Terra MODIS satellite image of Franz Josef Land (Земля Франца Иосифа) archipelago, Russia.| http://oceandots.com/arctic/franz-josef/| satellite image created by the MODIS Rapid Response System, NASA/GSFC| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Franz Josef Land MODIS.jpg
| To download the full resolution and other files go to: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=76883&src=... Located just 600 miles (970 kilometers) from the North Pole, Franz Josef Land is perpetually coated with ice. Glaciers cover roughly 85 percent of the archipelago’s land masses, and sea ice floats in the channels between islands even in the summertime. The Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) on NASA’s Terra satellite observed the islands of central Franz Josef Land on August 16 and 19, 2011. (Another sensor on Terra captured a wider view on August 17, 2011.) The image above was made from a combination of visible and near-infrared wavelengths, and ice appears in shades of white and pale blue. The amount of sea ice filling the channels between the islands of Franz Josef Land varies from summer to summer. Captured toward the end of the Northern Hemisphere melt season, this shot shows a modest amount of sea ice on the ocean surface. Some of the ice has accumulated in bays like the one near northeastern Zieger Island. Most of the ice in this scene is anchored to land, as large glaciers blanket the islands. Yet today’s glaciers are tiny compared to the ice sheet that dominated the region about 20,000 years ago. Studies of Franz Josef Land have actually contributed to a larger understanding of when that massive ice sheet began its slow retreat. Raised beaches, which preserve evidence of land rising as the crushing weight of overlying glaciers eases (known as isostatic rebound), were first recognized on the islands in the late nineteenth century. Researchers estimate that the giant ice sheet had retreated by about 10,000 years ago. NASA image created by Jesse Allen, using data provided courtesy of NASA/GSFC/METI/ERSDAC/JAROS, and U.S./Japan ASTER Science Team. Caption by Michon Scott with information from Walt Meier and Ted Scambos, National Snow and Ice Data Center. The Earth Observatory's mission is to share with the public the images, stories, and discoveries about climate and the environment that emerge from NASA research, including its satellite missions, in-the-field research, and climate models. Like us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Add us to your circles on Google+| Frozen Franz Josef Land| NASA's Earth Observatory| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by.png' alt='CC BY 2.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-20.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Frozen Franz Josef Land - NASA Earth Observatory.jpg
| Kap Tegethoff auf der Insel Hall, Franz-Josef-Land| Eigenes Werk| Polarstar at de.wikipedia| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Kap tegethoff gross.jpg
| Karte des russischen Franz-Josef-Land.| File:Map_of_Franz_Josef_Land-en.svg| Oona Räisänen (übersetzt durch Thariama)| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by.png' alt='CC BY 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Map of Franz Josef Land-de.svg
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