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| NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is a true technological marvel. The largest and most complex space telescope ever built, Webb will be able to gather light that has been traveling for 13.5 billion years, almost since the beginning of the universe. In effect, Webb is a time machine, allowing us to peer at the first galaxies to form after the Big Bang. Because it gathers infrared light, it will see right through the giant clouds of dust that block the view of most other telescopes. Webb will be 100 times more powerful than the Hubble Space Telescope. Most notably, once it unfolds its 21-foot-wide (6.5-meter-wide) set of segmented mirrors, Webb will be powerful enough to search for water vapor in the atmospheres of planets orbiting other stars. It will open a new window on these exoplanets, observing them in wavelengths of light at which they have never been seen before and helping us gain new insights about their nature. Webb will help us understand how galaxies evolve over billions of years into grand spirals, like our own Milky Way, search for signs of habitability on distant planets, and penetrate into the hearts of dust-shrouded stellar nurseries. The observatory is expected to launch in 2021.| https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/2294/james-webb-space-telescope-poster/| NASA/JPL-Caltech| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:2294 Mission Posters Webb English-1200.jpg
| James Webb Space Telescope orbit as seen from above the Sun's north pole and as seen from Earth's perspective. The James Webb Space Telescope will not be in orbit around the Earth, like the Hubble Space Telescope is - it will actually orbit the Sun, 1.5 million kilometers (1 million miles) away from the Earth at what is called the second Lagrange point or L2. What is special about this orbit is that it lets the telescope stay in line with the Earth as it moves around the Sun. This allows the satellite's large sunshield to protect the telescope from the light and heat of the Sun and Earth (and Moon). This animation has no sound and is not to scale. Individual Credits: Michael McClare (KBRwyle): Lead Producer Aaron E. Lepsch (ADNET): Technical Support Josh Masters (Freelance): Lead Animator| YouTube : Animation: The James Webb Space Telescope's Orbit – Archivierte Versionen ansehen/speichern auf archive.org und archive.today ; see also https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13553 and https://webb.nasa.gov/content/about/orbit.html| NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Animation Of Webb's Orbit.webm
| Animation of James Webb Space Telescope trajectory - Equatorial view ▇ James Webb Space Telescope · ▇ Earth · ▇ L2 point| Eigenes Werk Data source: HORIZONS System , JPL, NASA| Phoenix7777| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 4.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-40.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Animation of James Webb Space Telescope trajectory - Equatorial view.gif
| Animation of James Webb Space Telescope trajectory - Polar view ▇ James Webb Space Telescope · ▇ Earth · ▇ L2 point| Eigenes Werk Data source: HORIZONS System , JPL, NASA| Phoenix7777| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 4.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-40.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Animation of James Webb Space Telescope trajectory - Polar view.gif
| These blueprints of the James Webb Space Telescope were created as a prop for a video series, but since it was requested, we are offering them as a download! (Note the various placeholder texts in Gibberish-Latin!)Credit: NASA| https://www.flickr.com/photos/50785054@N03/47690335362/| James Webb Space Telescope| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by.png' alt='CC BY 2.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-20.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Blueprints of the James Webb Space Telescope.jpg
| The Wikimedia Commons logo, SVG version.| Original created by Reidab ( PNG version ) SVG version was created by Grunt and cleaned up by 3247 . Re-creation with SVG geometry features by Pumbaa , using a proper partial circle and SVG geometry features. (Former versions used to be slightly warped.)| Reidab , Grunt , 3247 , Pumbaa| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by-sa.png' alt='CC BY-SA 3.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-sa-30.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Commons-logo.svg
| Vergleich von Bildern des Motivs der "Säulen der Schöpfung".| https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/1995/44/351-Image.html https://hubblesite.org/contents/media/images/2015/01/3471-Image.html https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/2022/052/01GF423GBQSK6ANC89NTFJW8VM durch Drehung, Zuschneidung und Beschriftung kombiniert| NASA , ESA , STScI , J. Hester and P. Scowen (Arizona State University) NASA , ESA , and the Hubble Heritage Team ( STScI / AURA ) SCIENCE: NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI / IMAGE PROCESSING: Joseph DePasquale (STScI), Anton M. Koekemoer (STScI), Alyssa Pagan (STScI) habitator terrae| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Die Säulen.gif
| Logotype of the European Space Agency (ESA). Intended for use at small sizes only, but the official, more detailed one seems eligible for copyright.| https://brand.esa.int/assets/logo/ ; original URL at http://esamultimedia.esa.int/multimedia/ESA_Logo/logotype.html| ESA| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:ESA logo.svg
| A transmission spectrum made from a single observation using Webb’s Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) reveals atmospheric characteristics of the hot gas giant exoplanet WASP-96 b.A transmission spectrum is made by comparing starlight filtered through a planet’s atmosphere as it moves across the star, to the unfiltered starlight detected when the planet is beside the star. Each of the 141 data points (white circles) on this graph represents the amount of a specific wavelength of light that is blocked by the planet and absorbed by its atmosphere.In this observation, the wavelengths detected by NIRISS range from 0.6 microns (red) to 2.8 microns (in the near-infrared). The amount of starlight blocked ranges from about 13,600 parts per million (1.36 percent) to 14,700 parts per million (1.47 percent).Researchers are able to detect and measure the abundances of key gases in a planet’s atmosphere based on the absorption pattern—the locations and heights of peaks on the graph: each gas has a characteristic set of wavelengths that it absorbs. The temperature of the atmosphere can be calculated based in part on the height of the peaks: a hotter planet has taller peaks. Other characteristics, like the presence of haze and clouds, can be inferred based on the overall shape of different portions of the spectrum.The gray lines extending above and below each data point are error bars that show the uncertainty of each measurement, or the reasonable range of actual possible values. For a single observation, the error on these measurements is remarkably small.The blue line is a best-fit model that takes into account the data, the known properties of WASP-96 b and its star (e.g., size, mass, temperature), and assumed characteristics of the atmosphere. Researchers can vary the parameters in the model – changing unknown characteristics like cloud height in the atmosphere and abundances of various gases – to get a better fit and further understand what the atmosphere is really like. The difference between the best-fit model shown here and the data simply reflects the additional work to be done in analysing and interpreting the data and the planet.Although full analysis of the spectrum will take additional time, it is possible to draw a number of preliminary conclusions. The labelled peaks in the spectrum indicate the presence of water vapour. The height of the water peaks, which is less than expected based on previous observations, is evidence for the presence of clouds that suppress the water vapor features. The gradual downward slope of the left side of the spectrum (shorter wavelengths) is indicative of possible haze. The height of the peaks along with other characteristics of the spectrum is used to calculate an atmospheric temperature of about 1350°F (725°C). This is the most detailed infrared exoplanet transmission spectrum ever collected, the first transmission spectrum that includes wavelengths longer than 1.6 microns at such high resolution and accuracy, and the first to cover the entire wavelength range from 0.6 microns (visible red light) to 2.8 microns (near-infrared) in a single shot. The speed with which researchers have been able to make confident interpretations of the spectrum is further testament to the quality of the data.The observation was made using NIRISS’s Single-Object Slitless Spectroscopy (SOSS) mode, which involves capturing the spectrum of a single bright object, like the star WASP-96, in a field of view. WASP-96 b is a hot gas giant exoplanet that orbits a Sun-like star roughly 1,150 light years away, in the constellation Phoenix. The planet orbits extremely close to its star (less than 1/20th the distance between Earth and the Sun) and completes one orbit in less than 3½ Earth-days. The planet’s discovery, based on ground-based observations, was announced in 2014. The star, WASP-96, is somewhat older than the Sun, but is about the same size, mass, temperature, and colour.The background illustration of WASP-96 b and its star is based on current understanding of the planet from both NIRISS spectroscopy and previous ground- and space-based observations. Webb has not captured a direct image of the planet or its atmosphere. NIRISS was contributed by the Canadian Space Agency. The instrument was designed and built by Honeywell in collaboration with the Université de Montréal and the National Research Council Canada. For a full array of Webb’s first images and spectra, including downloadable files, please visit: https://esawebb.org/initiatives/webbs-first-images/| Exoplanet WASP-96 b (NIRISS Transmission Spectrum)| NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, and the Webb ERO Production Team| [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/by.png' alt='CC BY 4.0' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/by-40.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:Exoplanet WASP-96 b (NIRISS Transmission Spectrum) (weic2206a).jpeg
| | | | [{Image src='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/images/slim/publicdomain.png' alt='Public domain' align='center' link='https://www.austria-forum.org/cc/public-domain-10.html' target='_blank'}]| Datei:HUDF-JD2.jpg
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