!!!Chad: Government
||Country name|''conventional long form'': Republic of Chad \\ ''conventional short form'': Chad \\ ''local long form'': Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad \\ ''local short form'': Tchad/Tshad \\ ''etymology'': named for Lake Chad, which lies along the country's western border; the word "tsade" means "large body of water" or "lake" in several local native languages \\ 
||Government type|presidential republic
||Capital|N'Djamena[{GoogleMap location='N'Djamena' zoom='6'}] \\ ''geographic coordinates'': 12 06 N, 15 02 E \\ ''time difference'': UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time) \\ 
||Administrative divisions|23 regions (regions, singular - region); Barh el Gazel, Batha, Borkou, Chari-Baguirmi, Ennedi-Est, Ennedi-Ouest, Guera, Hadjer-Lamis, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mandoul, Mayo-Kebbi Est, Mayo-Kebbi Ouest, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Sila, Tandjile, Tibesti, Ville de N'Djamena, Wadi Fira
||Independence|11 August 1960 (from France)
||National holiday|Independence Day, 11 August (1960)
||Constitution|several previous; latest passed by referendum 31 March 1996, entered into force 8 April 1996; amended 2005 (2016)
||Legal system|mixed legal system of civil and customary law
||International law organization participation|has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
||Citizenship|''citizenship by birth'': no \\ ''citizenship by descent only'': both parents must be citizens of Chad \\ ''dual citizenship recognized'': Chadian law does not address dual citizenship \\ ''residency requirement for naturalization'': 15 years \\ 
||Suffrage|18 years of age; universal
||Executive branch|''chief of state'': President Idriss DEBY Itno, Lt. Gen. (since 4 December 1990) \\ ''head of government'': Prime Minister Albert Pahimi PADACKE (since 15 February 2016) \\ ''cabinet'': Council of Ministers; members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister \\ ''elections/appointments'': president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (no term limits); election last held on 10 April 2016 (next to be held in April 2021); prime minister appointed by the president \\ ''election results'': Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY Itno reelected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (MPS) 61.6%, Saleh KEBZABO (UNDR) 12.8%, Laokein Kourayo MEDAR 10.7%, Djimrangar DADNADJI (MPS) 5.1%, other 9.8% \\ 
||Legislative branch|''description'': unicameral National Assembly (188 seats; 118 directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by proportional representation vote and 70 directly elected in single-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote with a second round if needed; members serve 4-year terms) \\ ''elections'': National Assembly - last held on 13 February and 6 May 2011 (next to be held on 30 September 2015) \\ ''election results'': percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - MPS 117, UNDR 10, RDP 9, URD 8, RNDT/Le Reveil 8, Viva-RNDP 5, FAR 4, PUR 2, UDR 2, PDSA 2, CTPD 2, other minor parties 19 \\ 
||Judicial branch|''highest court(s)'': Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice, 3 chamber presidents, and 12 judges or councilors and divided into 3 chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 3 judges and 6 jurists) \\ ''judge selection and term of office'': Supreme Court chief justice selected by the president; councilors - 8 designated by the president and 7 by the speaker of the National Assembly; chief justice and councilors appointed for life; Constitutional Council judges - 2 appointed by the president and 1 by the speaker of the National Assembly; jurists - 3 each by the president and by the speaker of the National Assembly; judges appointed for 9-year terms \\ ''subordinate courts'': High Court of Justice; Courts of Appeal; tribunals; justices of the peace \\ 
||Political parties and leaders|Alliance for the Renaissance of Chad or ART (includes MPS, RDP, and Viva-RNDP) \\ Federation Action for the Republic or FAR (Ngarledjy YORONGAR) \\ National Rally for Development and Progress or Viva-RNDP (Dr. Nouradine Delwa Kassire COUMAKOYE) \\ National Union for Democracy and Renewal or UNDR (Saleh KEBZABO) \\ Party for Liberty and Development or PLD (Jean-Baptiste LAOKOLE) \\ Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS (Idriss DEBY) \\ Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP (Lol Mahamat CHOUA) \\ Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD (Sande NGARYIMBE)
||Political pressure groups and leaders|NA
||International organization participation|ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSMA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
||Diplomatic representation in the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Mahamat Nasser HASSANE (since 21 May 2014) \\ ''chancery'': 2401 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 \\ ''telephone'': (1) (202) 652-1312 \\ ''FAX'': (1) (202) 758-0431 \\ 
||Diplomatic representation from the US|''chief of mission'': Ambassador Geeta PASI (since September 2016) \\ ''embassy'': Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena \\ ''mailing address'': B. P. 413, N'Djamena \\ ''telephone'': (235) 2251-70-09 \\ ''FAX'': (235) 2251-56-54 \\ 
||Flag description|three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the flag combines the blue and red French (former colonial) colors with the red and yellow of the Pan-African colors; blue symbolizes the sky, hope, and the south of the country, which is relatively well-watered; yellow represents the sun, as well as the desert in the north of the country; red stands for progress, unity, and sacrifice \\ ''__note__'': similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France \\ 
||National symbol(s)|goat (north), lion (south); national colors: blue, yellow, red
||National anthem|''name'': "La Tchadienne" (The Chadian) \\ ''lyrics/music'': Louis GIDROL and his students/Paul VILLARD \\  \\ ''__note__'': adopted 1960 \\