!!!Madagascar: Geography ||Location|Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique ||Geographic Coordinates|20 00 S, 47 00 E[{GoogleMap location='-20.0,47.0' zoom='4'}] ||Area |''total: ''587,041 sq km\\''land: ''581,540 sq km\\''water: ''5,501 sq km\\[[__''Verified in 8 databases''__] ||Land boundaries|0 km ||Coastline|4,828 km ||Elevation Extremes|''lowest point: ''Indian Ocean 0 m\\''highest point: ''Maromokotro 2,876 m ||Highest Mountains|According to [Wolfram|http://www.wolframalpha.com]: Maromokotro 2876 m\\According to [Geonames|http://www.geonames.org]:Maromokotro 2876 m; andranofito 1752 m; Vohimanga 1038 m\\__List verified partially__\\__Attempted Explanation:__ Please help us to try to explain the discrepancies by sending us helpful information to [office@global-geography.org|mailto:office@global-geography.org] ||Terrain|narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center ||Natural Hazards|periodic cyclones; drought; and locust infestation volcanism: Madagascar's volcanoes have not erupted in historical times ||Natural Resource|graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, rare earth elements, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower ||Land Use|''arable land: ''5.96%\\''permanent crops: ''1.02%\\''other: ''93.02% (2011) ||Climate|tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south ||Irrigated Land|10,860 sq km (2003) ||Renewable Water Resources|337 cu km (2011) ||Environment_CurrentIssues|soil erosion results from deforestation and overgrazing; desertification; surface water contaminated with raw sewage and other organic wastes; several endangered species of flora and fauna unique to the island ||Environment - international agreements|''party to: ''Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands\\''signed, but not ratified: ''none of the selected agreements ||Large Cities|Antananarivo; Toamasina; Antsirabe; Fianarantsoa; Mahajanga\\ __[[Verified]__\\[Important Cities|Geography/Africa/Madagascar/Geography/Important_Cities] ||Geography-note|world's fourth-largest island; strategic location along Mozambique Channel