!!!Rwanda: People & Society
||Population|12,988,423 \\ ''__note__'': estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2016 est.) \\ 
||Nationality|''noun'': Rwandan(s) \\ ''adjective'': Rwandan \\ 
||Ethnic groups|Hutu (Bantu) 84%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 15%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%
||Languages|Kinyarwanda only (official, universal Bantu vernacular) 93.2%, Kinyarwanda and other language(s) 6.2%, French (official) and other language(s) 0.1%, English (official) and other language(s) 0.1%, Swahili (or Kiswahili, used in commercial centers) 0.02%, other 0.03%, unspecified 0.3% (2002 est.)
||Religions|Roman Catholic 49.5%, Protestant 39.4% (includes Adventist 12.2% and other Protestant 27.2%), other Christian 4.5%, Muslim 1.8%, animist 0.1%, other 0.6%, none 3.6% (2001), unspecified 0.5% (2002 est.)
||Demographic profile|Rwanda’s fertility rate declined sharply during the last decade, as a result of the government’s commitment to family planning, the increased use of contraceptives, and a downward trend in ideal family size. Increases in educational attainment, particularly among girls, and exposure to social media also contributed to the reduction in the birth rate. The average number of births per woman decreased from a 5.6 in 2005 to 4.5 in 2016. Despite these significant strides in reducing fertility, Rwanda’s birth rate remains very high and will continue to for an extended period of time because of its large population entering reproductive age. Because Rwanda is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, its persistent high population growth and increasingly small agricultural landholdings will put additional strain on families’ ability to raise foodstuffs and access potable water. These conditions will also hinder the government’s efforts to reduce poverty and prevent environmental degradation. The UNHCR recommended that effective 30 June 2013 countries invoke a cessation of refugee status for those Rwandans who fled their homeland between 1959 and 1998, including the 1994 genocide, on the grounds that the conditions that drove them to seek protection abroad no longer exist. The UNHCR’s decision is controversial because many Rwandan refugees still fear persecution if they return home, concerns that are supported by the number of Rwandans granted asylum since 1998 and by the number exempted from the cessation. Rwandan refugees can still seek an exemption or local integration, but host countries are anxious to send the refugees back to Rwanda and are likely to avoid options that enable them to stay. Conversely, Rwanda itself hosts more than 155,000 refugees; virtually all of them fleeing conflict in neighboring Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
||Age structure|''0-14 years'': 41.53% (male 2,719,248/female 2,674,688) \\ ''15-24 years'': 18.87% (male 1,226,141/female 1,225,009) \\ ''25-54 years'': 32.93% (male 2,142,936/female 2,134,064) \\ ''55-64 years'': 4.09% (male 249,447/female 282,225) \\ ''65 years and over'': 2.58% (male 138,834/female 195,831) (2016 est.) \\ 
||Dependency ratios|''total dependency ratio'': 78.1% \\ ''youth dependency ratio'': 73.1% \\ ''elderly dependency ratio'': 5% \\ ''potential support ratio'': 20.1% (2015 est.) \\ 
||Median age|''total'': 19 years \\ ''male'': 18.7 years \\ ''female'': 19.2 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Population growth rate|2.53% (2016 est.)
||Birth rate|33.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Death rate|8.8 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Net migration rate|0.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.)
||Urbanization|''urban population'': 28.8% of total population (2015) \\ ''rate of urbanization'': 6.43% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) \\ 
||Major urban areas - population|KIGALI (capital) 1.257 million (2015)
||Sex ratio|''at birth'': 1.03 male(s)/female \\ ''0-14 years'': 1.02 male(s)/female \\ ''15-24 years'': 1 male(s)/female \\ ''25-54 years'': 1 male(s)/female \\ ''55-64 years'': 0.88 male(s)/female \\ ''65 years and over'': 0.7 male(s)/female \\ ''total population'': 1 male(s)/female (2016 est.) \\ 
||Mother's mean age at first birth|23 \\ ''__note__'': median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2014/15 est.) \\ 
||Maternal mortality rate|290 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)
||Infant mortality rate|''total'': 56.8 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''male'': 60.2 deaths/1,000 live births \\ ''female'': 53.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) \\ 
||Life expectancy at birth|''total population'': 60.1 years \\ ''male'': 58.5 years \\ ''female'': 61.7 years (2016 est.) \\ 
||Total fertility rate|4.46 children born/woman (2016 est.)
||Contraceptive prevalence rate|51.6% (2010/11)
||Health expenditures|7.5% of GDP (2014)
||Physicians density|0.06 physicians/1,000 population (2010)
||Hospital bed density|1.6 beds/1,000 population (2007)
||Drinking water source|''improved'':  \\ urban: 86.6% of population \\ rural: 71.9% of population \\ total: 76.1% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 13.4% of population \\ rural: 28.1% of population \\ total: 23.9% of population (2015 est.) \\ 
||Sanitation facility access|''improved'':  \\ urban: 58.5% of population \\ rural: 62.9% of population \\ total: 61.6% of population \\ ''unimproved'':  \\ urban: 41.5% of population \\ rural: 37.1% of population \\ total: 38.4% of population (2015 est.) \\ 
||HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate|2.89% (2015 est.)
||HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS|201,900 (2015 est.)
||HIV/AIDS - deaths|2,900 (2015 est.)
||Major infectious diseases|''degree of risk'': very high \\ ''food or waterborne diseases'': bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever \\ ''vectorborne diseases'': malaria and dengue fever \\ ''animal contact disease'': rabies (2016) \\ 
||Obesity - adult prevalence rate|3.3% (2014)
||Children under the age of 5 years underweight|11.7% (2011)
||Education expenditures|5% of GDP (2013)
||Literacy|''definition'': age 15 and over can read and write \\ ''total population'': 70.5% \\ ''male'': 73.2% \\ ''female'': 68% (2015 est.) \\ 
||School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)|''total'': 11 years \\ ''male'': 11 years \\ ''female'': 11 years (2013) \\ 
||Unemployment, youth ages 15-24|''total'': 4.5% \\ ''male'': 3.6% \\ ''female'': 5.2% (2012 est.) \\ 
||People - note|Rwanda is the most densely populated country in Africa