India: People & Society#
Population | 1,266,883,598 (July 2016 est.) |
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Nationality | noun: Indian(s) adjective: Indian |
Ethnic groups | Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%, Mongoloid and other 3% (2000) |
Languages | Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%, Assamese 1.3%, Maithili 1.2%, other 5.9% note: English enjoys the status of subsidiary official language but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindi is the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people; there are 14 other official languages: Bengali, Telugu, Marathi, Tamil, Urdu, Gujarati, Malayalam, Kannada, Oriya, Punjabi, Assamese, Kashmiri, Sindhi, and Sanskrit; Hindustani is a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu spoken widely throughout northern India but is not an official language (2001 census) |
Religions | Hindu 79.8%, Muslim 14.2%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.7%, other and unspecified 2% (2011 est.) |
Age structure | 0-14 years: 27.71% (male 186,420,229/female 164,611,755) 15-24 years: 17.99% (male 121,009,850/female 106,916,692) 25-54 years: 40.91% (male 267,203,029/female 251,070,105) 55-64 years: 7.3% (male 46,398,574/female 46,105,489) 65 years and over: 6.09% (male 36,549,003/female 40,598,872) (2016 est.) |
Dependency ratios | total dependency ratio: 52.4% youth dependency ratio: 43.9% elderly dependency ratio: 8.6% potential support ratio: 11.7% (2015 est.) |
Median age | total: 27.6 years male: 26.9 years female: 28.3 years (2016 est.) |
Population growth rate | 1.19% (2016 est.) |
Birth rate | 19.3 births/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
Death rate | 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2016 est.) |
Urbanization | urban population: 32.7% of total population (2015) rate of urbanization: 2.38% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) |
Major urban areas - population | NEW DELHI (capital) 25.703 million; Mumbai 21.043 million; Kolkata 11.766 million; Bangalore 10.087 million; Chennai 9.62 million; Hyderabad 8.944 million (2015) |
Sex ratio | at birth: 1.12 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 15-24 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 25-54 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 55-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.08 male(s)/female (2016 est.) |
Mother's mean age at first birth | 19.9 note: median age at first birth among women 25-29 (2005/06 est.) |
Maternal mortality rate | 174 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.) |
Infant mortality rate | total: 40.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 39.2 deaths/1,000 live births female: 41.8 deaths/1,000 live births (2016 est.) |
Life expectancy at birth | total population: 68.5 years male: 67.3 years female: 69.8 years (2016 est.) |
Total fertility rate | 2.45 children born/woman (2016 est.) |
Contraceptive prevalence rate | 54.8% (2007/08) |
Health expenditures | 4.7% of GDP (2014) |
Physicians density | 0.7 physicians/1,000 population (2012) |
Hospital bed density | 0.7 beds/1,000 population (2011) |
Drinking water source | improved: urban: 97.1% of population rural: 92.6% of population total: 94.1% of population unimproved: urban: 2.9% of population rural: 7.4% of population total: 5.9% of population (2015 est.) |
Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 62.6% of population rural: 28.5% of population total: 39.6% of population unimproved: urban: 37.4% of population rural: 71.5% of population total: 60.4% of population (2015 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | 0.26% (2013 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | 2,118,100 (2015 est.) |
HIV/AIDS - deaths | 67,600 (2015 est.) |
Major infectious diseases | degree of risk: very high food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever vectorborne diseases: dengue fever, Japanese encephalitis, and malaria water contact disease: leptospirosis animal contact disease: rabies (2016) |
Obesity - adult prevalence rate | 4.7% (2014) |
Children under the age of 5 years underweight | 43.5% (2006) |
Education expenditures | 3.8% of GDP (2013) |
Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 71.2% male: 81.3% female: 60.6% (2015 est.) |
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) | total: 12 years male: 11 years female: 12 years (2013) |
Child labor - children ages 5-14 | total number: 26,965,074 percentage: 12% (2006 est.) |
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 | total: 10.7% male: 10.4% female: 11.6% (2012 est.) |